Transcranial magnetic studies typically rely on measures of active and resting motor threshold (i.e. AMT, RMT). Previous work has demonstrated that adaptive threshold hunting approaches are efficient for estimating RMT. To date, no study has compared motor threshold estimation approaches for measures of AMT, yet this measure is fundamental in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies that...

One of the main goals of the pest control is to maintain the density of the pest population in the equilibrium level below economic damages. For reaching this goal, the optimal pest control problem was divided in two parts. In the first part, the two optimal control functions were considered. These functions move the ecosystem pest – natural enemy at an equilibrium state below the economic inju...

In recent years the Golfing World has demanded aesthetically pleasing, pest free Golf Courses expecting increased quality of turf. During this period thoughts of how we affect our environment with the use of chemicals and materials has increased dramatically. Therefore Course Managers and Superintendents have adapted maintenance approaches to include options for pest management other than the o...

Each turfgrass species and cultivar has particular optimal growth requirements. Water, fertility and mowing height differ. Similarly, insect pest management needs vary with grass type. As chemical pest management tools become less available, researchers at the University of Georgia are seeking alternative methods in the management of common turfgrass pests. Their foundation management strategy,...

The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, is a global economic pest of brassicas whose pest status has been exacerbated by climate change and variability. Southern African small-scale farmers are battling to cope with increasing pressure from the pest due to limited exposure to sustainable control options. The current paper critically analysed literature with a climate change and sustain...

Cytoplasmic degradation of c-fos protein is extremely rapid. Under certain conditions, it is a multi-step process initiated by calcium-dependent and ATP-independent proteases called calpains. PEST motifs are peptide regions rich in proline, glutamic acid/aspartic acid and serine/threonine residues, commonly assumed to constitute built-in signals for rapid recognition by intracellular proteases ...

This paper applies option value theory to determine the timing and value of pesticides in controlling crop damage. Entomologists and economists have both sought to determine '~ction" or 'economic" thresholds which would trigger the application of a pesticide, or an alternative pest control policy. These concepts are reviewed, and the differences arising in each discipline are noted. Two mathema...

This paper formulates a robust stage-structured SI eco-epidemiological model with periodic constant pulse releasing of infectious pests with pathogens. The authors show that the conditions for global attractivity of the ‘pest-eradication’ periodic solution and permanence of the system depend on time delay, hence, the authors call it “profitless”. Further, the authors present a pest management s...

In this paper, an SI epidemic model with stage structure is investigated. In this model, impulsive biological control which release infected pest to the field at a fixed time periodically is considered, and obtained the sufficient conditions for the global attractivity of pest-extinction periodic solution and permanence of the system. We also prove that all solutions of the model are uniformly ...

According to biological strategy for pest control, we investigate the dynamic behavior of a pest management SEI model with nonlinear incidence concerning impulsive strategyperiodic releasing infected pests at fixed times. We prove that all solutions of the system are uniformly ultimately bounded and there exists a globally asymptotically attractive pest-eradication periodic solution when the im...