To investigate the interaction between facial expressions and facial gender information during face perception, the present study matched the intensities of the two types of information in face images and then adopted the orthogonal condition of the Garner Paradigm to present the images to participants who were required to judge the gender and expression of the faces; the gender and expression ...

To understand the evolution of emotional communication, comparative research on facial expression similarities between humans and related species is essential. Chimpanzees display a complex, flexible facial expression repertoire with many physical and functional similarities to humans. This paper reviews what is known about these facial expression repertoires, discusses the importance of social...

Avatars are increasingly used to express our emotions in our online communications. Such avatars are used based on the assumption that avatar expressions are interpreted universally among any cultures. However, our former studies showed there are cultural differences in interpreting avatar facial expressions. This paper summarizes the results of the former studies of cross cultural evaluations ...

This paper presents a facial expression analysis system that performs recognition and emotional classification of human facial expression from a full-face image. The system consists of four main components. The first component performs face detection in an unstructured image using Artificial Neural Network. The second component is face recognition using Principal Component Analysis. The third c...

Avatars are increasingly used to express our emotions in our online communications. Such avatars are used based on the assumption that avatar expressions are interpreted universally among any cultures. However, our former study showed there are cultural differences in interpreting avatar facial expressions. This paper summarizes the results of cross cultural evaluations of avatar expressions am...

OBJECTIVE Details regarding the molecular biological features of Bell's palsy have not been widely reported in textbooks. We genetically analyzed facial muscles and clarified these points. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed genetic analysis of facial muscle specimens from Japanese patients with severe (House-Brackmann facial nerve grading system V) and moderate (House-Brackmann facial nerve g...

There has recently been high interest in affective computing, especially in interfaces which can analyse their users’ emotional state. Automatic emotion recognition in faces is a hard problem, requiring a number of pre-processing steps which attempt to detect or track the face, to locate characteristic facial regions such as eyes, mouth and nose on it, to extract and follow the movement of faci...

In this paper, we propose the concept of Manifold of Facial Expression based on the observation that images of a subject’s facial expressions define a smooth manifold in the high dimensional image space. Such a manifold representation can provide a unified framework for facial expression analysis. We first apply Active Wavelet Networks (AWN) on the image sequences for facial feature localizatio...

Facial expressions refer to movements of the mimetic musculature of the face. The vast majority of these muscles are innervated by the VIIth cranial nerve, emanating from the brainstem between the pons and medulla (Figure 1). The nerve includes a motor root that supplies somatic muscle fibers to the muscles of the face, scalp, and outer ear, enabling the muscle movements that comprise facial ex...

Human Emotion Recognition Clips Utilised Expert System was designed to recognise and interpret facial expressions of the observed person in an automatic way [1]. Still, input to HERCULES has been manually supplied. Through integrating HERCULES into the Integrated System for Facial Expression Recognition (ISFER) a complete process of automatic analysis of facial expressions has been achieved [2]...