Marginal fractures of the medial tibial plateau have been reported in the literature as a secondary type of Segond fracture. Some reports described this entity in the setting of combined injuries such as root avulsions of the medial meniscus, complete disruption of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), partial tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and tears of the medial meniscus and m...

This paper has investigated the hypothesis that spinal root avulsion (SRA) injury produces alterations in blood flow that contribute to avulsion injury induced pain-like behaviour in rodents. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is an established way of assessing blood flow in the central nervous system (CNS) and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is the most widely used technique for measuring tissue perfusi...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the risk of prolapse associated with levator avulsion injury among a urogynaecological clinic population. DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SETTING Tertiary urogynaecological unit. SAMPLE A total of 934 women seen for interview, examination using the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) staging system and imaging of the levator ani muscle by four-dime...

OBJECTIVE Levator avulsion is common after vaginal delivery and is strongly associated with prolapse and prolapse recurrence. The aim of this study was to compare assessment by digital palpation and two ultrasound methods, one using rendered volumes and the other multislice imaging, for the diagnosis of levator avulsion. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed randomly identified datasets of 266 ...

OBJECTIVE To report functional outcome in Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) tibial avulsion fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation through Burks and Schaffer approach. The patient specific functional outcome measures like IKDC grading together with objective grading with stress radiographs have rarely been used -to assess PCL tibial avulsion fractures. MATERIAL AND METHOD...

BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve (PN) transplantation and ventral root implantation are the two common types of recovery operations to restore the connection between motoneurons and their target muscles after brachial plexus injury. Despite experience accumulated over the past decade, fundamental knowledge is still lacking concerning the efficacy of the two microsurgical interventions. METHODS Thi...

Injury to the structures of the medial elbow is common among baseball players. The injury can result from repeated valgus stress of the elbow. Several types of injury to the structures of the medial elbow have been reported.1 These injuries cause valgus instability and pain of medial aspect of the elbow during pitch.2e4 Avulsion fractures of the sublime tubercle of the ulna are rare and general...

Avulsion fracture of the anterior tibial eminence is an uncommon injury. If bone union does not occur, knee extension will be limited by impingement of the avulsed fragment and knee instability will be induced by dysfunction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). This report describes a 55-year-old woman who experienced an avulsion fracture of the right anterior tibial eminence during recreat...