space E we mean an m-differentiable manifold H with coordinates in a space T such that (1) T is a space E and H has allowable k coordinate systems^ (2) the differentials of the coordinate transformations possess adjoints with respect to the inner product [x, y] of E at each point of their domains of definition; (3) there exists a covariant vector field valued linear form, called a metric form, ...

Abstract We derive the math (objective and gradients) for three closely-related Gaussian-based data models. All three are based on Factor Analysis (FA). The first is a simplification of FA; the second is FA itself; the third is our extension of FA to use a smooth trace norm prior on the factor loading matrix (in place of the hard rank constraint used by FA). See [3] for some background on Facto...

Transport of unesterified fatty acids (FA) into cells has been viewed either as a simple diffusion process regulated mainly by lipid physical chemistry or as a more complex process involving protein catalysis. In this review FA transport in cell membranes is broken down into three essential steps: adsorption, transmembrane movement, and desorption. The physical properties of FA in aqueous, memb...

BACKGROUND This cross-sectional study provides a practical approach for the clinical assessment of Friedreich ataxia (FA) cardiomyopathy (FA-CM). METHODS AND RESULTS A comprehensive cardiac assessment, including standard echocardiography, color Doppler myocardial imaging, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, ECG, and exercise stress testing, was performed in 205 FA patients. To assess myocardi...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Additional folic acid (FA) treatment appears to have a neutral effect on reducing vascular risk in countries that mandate FA fortification of food (e.g., USA and Canada). However, it is uncertain whether FA therapy reduces stroke risk in countries without FA food fortification. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of FA therapy on stroke ...

Calorie restriction (CR) increases longevity and retards the development of many chronic diseases, but the underlying metabolic signals are poorly understood. Increased fatty acid (FA) oxidation and reduced FA synthesis have been hypothesized to be important metabolic adaptations to CR. However, at metabolic steady state, FA oxidation must match FA intake plus synthesis; moreover, FA intake is ...

BACKGROUND Risk factors for persistence of food-related symptoms (FRS) and food allergy (FA) from early life to adolescence are incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for FRS and FA in adolescence amongst children with FRS or FA in the first four years of life (early life). METHODS In children enrolled in a Swedish birth cohort and followed to 16 years (n ...

Formaldehyde (FA) is an aldehyde used in antiseptics and adhesives. The World Health Organization (WHO) and other institutes have linked FA to sick building syndrome and allergic diseases. Recent studies have reported that cadavers embalmed using formalin and ethanol-based preservative solutions release FA vapor during dissection and that FA vapor may adversely affect students and lecturers in ...

Expression of genes for lipid biosynthetic enzymes during initiation of lactation in humans is unknown. Our goal was to study mRNA expression of lipid metabolic enzymes in human mammary epithelial cell (MEC) in conjunction with the measurement of milk fatty acid (FA) composition during secretory activation. Gene expression from mRNA isolated from milk fat globule (MFG) and milk FA composition w...

Fanconi anaemia (FA) is an inherited disorder characterized by chromosomal instability. The phenotype is variable, which raises the possibility that it may be affected by other factors, such as epigenetic modifications. These play an important role in oncogenesis and may be pharmacologically manipulated. Our aim was to explore whether the epigenetic profiles in FA differ from non-FA individuals...