‎Based on a definition for circle in Finsler space‎, ‎recently proposed by one of the present authors and Z‎. ‎Shen‎, ‎a natural definition of extrinsic sphere in Finsler geometry is given and it is shown that a connected submanifold of a Finsler manifold is totally umbilical and has non-zero parallel mean curvature vector field‎, ‎if and only if its circles coincide with circles of the ambient...

Autonomous exploration has many important applications. However, classic information gain-based or frontier-based only relies on the robot current state to determine immediate goal, which lacks capability of predicting value future states and thus leads inefficient decisions. This letter presents a method learn how “good” are, measured by function, provide guidance for in real-world challenging...

Economists understand that mechanisms used by employers to resolve agency problems have surprising and profound consequences; when employers shape personnel policies to motivate workers, these efforts in turn affect organizational structures and such key labor market outcomes as wage inequality and involuntary unemployment. These insights emerge even in models that ascribe simple motives to emp...