microvesicles have recently been presented as a Dictyostelium discoideum valuable model for eukaryotic extracellular vesicles. Here, the advantages of D. for unraveling important biological functions of extracellular discoideum vesicles in general are detailed. a non-pathogenic eukaryotic D. discoideum, microorganism, belongs to a billion-year-old lineage, which Amoeboza diverged from the anima...

Microvesicles and exosomes are nanoparticles released from cells and can contain small RNAs, mRNA and proteins that affect cells at distant sites. In sheep, endogenous beta retroviruses (enJSRVs) are expressed in the endometrial epithelia of the uterus and can be transferred to the conceptus trophectoderm. One potential mechanism of enJSRVs transfer from the uterus to the conceptus is via exoso...

Antigen delivery has always been a challenge in scientific practice of vaccine formulation. Yet, mammalian extracellular vesicles (EVs) or bacterial membrane (MVs) provide an innovative avenue for safe and effective antigenic material. They include intrinsically loaded antigens from EV-secreting cells extrinsically onto pre-formed vesicles. Interestingly, many studies shed light on potential no...

Cells communicate with neighboring cells and condition their local environment by secreting soluble factors into the extracellular space. These well-studied facets of cell biology are essential for the establishment and maintenance of physiological homeostasis. However, accumulating evidence has revealed that specific ligands, enzymes, and macromolecules are distributed into the extracellular s...

Extracellular Vesicle Mimetics vesicles mimetics (EVMs) prepared from top-down approaches exhibit superiority both in production and biological properties as potential alternatives of extracellular (EVs). By extruding through membrane filters with decreased pore sizes, EVMs can be produced a large scale. In article 2200142, Chenhui Gu, Liqing Shangguan, Xianfeng Lin co-workers summarize the pre...

Abstract Cellular communication is essential for effective coordination of biological processes. One major form intercellular occurs via the release extracellular vesicles (EVs). These mediate through transfer their cargo and are actively explored role in various diseases potential therapeutic diagnostic applications. Conversely, lipid droplets (LDs) that within cells. Lipid play roles evidence...

Alveoli are the basic structure of lungs, consisting various types parenchymal and bone marrow-derived cells including alveolar macrophages. These have several important functions; thus, communication between these plays an role in homeostasis as well pathophysiology diseases lungs. For a better understanding lung diseases, researchers isolated each type cell to investigate changes their gene e...

Background: Extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) are found in numerous extracellular fluids, including milk. Until recently, microRNAs were the focus of research this area, leaving aside other exRNAs. Recently, a modified small RNA-sequencing (sRNA-seq) approach led to discovery very short, 12 and 13 nucleotides (nt) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) fragments (rRFs), designated as dodecaRNAs (doRNAs), reference num...

Over the last few decades, extensive studies by several groups have introduced the concept of cell-derived secreted extracellular membrane vesicles as carriers of complex molecular information. Owing to their pleiotropic biological effects and involvement in a wide variety of biological processes, extracellular membrane vesicles have been implicated in physiological as well as pathological even...