One of the recent developments in safety systems is an external airbag installed on front bumper a vehicle and autonomous emergency braking system. In this paper, we propose framework for cost-benefit analysis system order to validate its commercialization. Road traffic crash data obtained from National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System (NASS/CDS) was used, three different ...

In this paper we study External A*, a variant of the internal A* algorithm that employs external memory. The approach applies to implicit, undirected, unweighted state space problem graphs with consistent estimates. The complexity of the External algorithm is almost linear in external sorting time and accumulates to O(sort(|E|) + scan(|V |)) I/Os, where V and E are the set of nodes and edges in...

Introduction 1 I. The Importance of Internal and External Shocks 4 A. External Shocks: Uncertain Terms of Trade 4 B. External Shocks: Uncertain Access to and Cost of Foreign Capital 5 C. Internal Shocks: Uncertain Agricultural Output and Domestic Policy Shocks 10 D. Life is Uncertain! So What? 11 II. The Impact of Uncertainty on Production Commodity Trade 11 III. Trade in Goods and Risk-Free Bo...

We study how both external corporate governance factors and internal corporate governance factors jointly affect the large shareholder’s takeover or monitor decision. The large shareholders monitor the management and have option to takeover the firm. External corporate governance forces impose stealing costs to the manager. In equilibrium, large shareholder’s takeover or monitoring decision, ta...

Life cycle assessments and external cost estimates of photovoltaics have been often based on old data that do not reflect the extensive technological progress made over the past decade. Our assessment uses current (2004–early 2005) manufacturing data, from twelve European and US photovoltaic companies, and establishes the Energy Payback Times (EPBT), Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and external ...

TerraSAR-X is a versatile X-Band SAR satellite operating in Stripmap, Spotlight and ScanSAR modes with selectable or dual polarisation. Additionally, experimental modes are possible, like wide bandwidth operation providing even higher resolution, or a left-looking mode. Consequently, cost and time effective concepts for external calibration are mandatory because of the large number of modes and...

External memory sort has been widely accepted as an overall benchmark to evaluate the processing performance of computers. Lots of algorithms have been developed to sort large scalable data in different environments. The bottlenecks of external memory sort are the I/O operation and communication cost. In this paper, we adapted HPVM MinuteSort[4], and borrowed the THsort[5] idea to develop our e...

The most common means for disposing of municipal solid waste is burial in a sanitary landfill. However, many landfill are underestimate the total cost of landfill disposal be considering only land and operating costs, ignoring external physical and social costs associated with landfills. This paper pro0oses and approach be estimating (in monetary terms) the external costs arising from the devel...

this is a report on the study of high melt flow, highly isotactic polypropylene homopolymer synthesized in liquid monomer using a fifth generation ziegler-natta catalytic system. at highest catalyst productivity, the response of thecatalyst to hydrogen as chain transfer is studied. melt flow rate is controlled by hydrogen as chain transfer from 0.4 to 300 g/10min with changing the amount of hyd...