Background The popular recreational abuse drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'Ecstasy') produces acute and long-lasting deficits in several markers of the serotonergic (5-HT) system. BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor) is a prominent trophic factor of serotonergic fibers. The aim of this study was to characterize the damage of serotonergic fibers in the frontoparietal cortex and...

the log damage and value loss were examined by felling and bucking function, species, and damage type, in kheyrud forest in namkhaneh district in the hyrcanian forest of iran. in order to calculate the wood value following tree felling and bucking, 250 trees and 167 logs consisting of beech and hornbeam species were measured. there were five types of damage recorded following the tree felling o...

introduction: to recognize the myelinated nerve fibers of the external capsule in human brain. materials and methods: 10 adult and normal brains (20 hemispheres) from both sexes were studied using 15 mm serial sections in all three cardinal planes after fixation and processing. these sections were stained by klüver - barrera and heidenhain - woelcke methods. results: some fibers from different ...

abstract introduction: interferential current is one of the most popular kinds of electrical stimulation that are used in electrotherapy. despite its clinical popularity, there have been limited studies to investigate how this stimulation protocol affects the nerve fibers. this study was aimed to develop a realistic model for the stimulation of nerve fibers by interferential currents and using ...

The numbers of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers were counted in dorsal roots of adult rats treated neonatally with capsaicin in doses ranging from 5 to 100 mg/kg. Substance P and somatostatin levels in the spinal cord, dorsal roots, and sensory ganglia also were determined in control and treated animals. Capsaicin administration lead to the loss of both small myelinated and unmyelinated fiber...

The objective of this paper is to evaluate two existing homogenization methods using a simple damage model for fibrous membrane and compare them. A macroscopic damage model of a fibrous membrane tissue based on the knowledge of the behavior and fracture process of a single fiber is constructed. Under some simplifying assumptions (linear behavior of the fibers, brittle fibers, constant angular d...

Alcoholic myopathies are characterized by neuromusculoskeletal symptoms such as compromised movement and weakness. Although these symptoms have been attributed to neurological damage, EtOH may also target skeletal muscle. EtOH exposure during zebrafish primary muscle development or adulthood results in smaller muscle fibers. However, the effects of EtOH exposure on skeletal muscle during the gr...