The aim of this study was to assess the muscle functional connectivity obtained from surface electromyogram (SEMG) during unilateral and bilateral texting on a smart-phone as well as standard text entry on a personal computer. Fourteen healthy adults participated in the study. The SEMG signals from the left and right proximal: cervical erector spinae, upper trapezius, lower trapezius and distal...

Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important cause of neurological disease. Mitochondrial disease can present at any age, and the clinical features are extremely varied. The FIG. 1. Neurophysiological exam of the boy at 3 years of age, performed during a myoclonic attack involving the left upper limb: Polymyographic recording (A and B) shows profuse continuous positive rhythmic (8-Hz) myoclonus co...

The object of this study was to clarify whether corticospinal excitability controlling hand muscles changes concurrently with increases in the imagined contraction level of foot dorsiflexion. Twelve participants performed actual and imagined dorsiflexion of their right foot at three different EMG levels (10, 40 or 80% of the maximum voluntary contraction). During isometric actual- or imagined- ...

The object of this study was to clarify the effects of foot muscle relaxation on activity in the primary motor cortex (M1) of the hand area. Subjects were asked to volitionally relax the right foot from sustained contraction of either the dorsiflexor (tibialis anterior; TA relaxation) or plantarflexor (soleus; SOL relaxation) in response to an auditory stimulus. Single- and paired-pulse transcr...

Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) sarcomere length was measured in seven patients using intraoperative laser diffraction. Sarcomere length was measured with the forearm in one of four positions: wrist in neutral with regard to radial-ulnar deviation and forearm in neutral rotation, wrist in ulnar deviation and forearm in neutral rotation, wrist in neutral and forearm in pronation, and wrist...

The purpose of this study was to determine the interrepetition and interoccasion generalizability of grip strength measurements in patients with the diagnosis of proximal extensor carpi radialis brevis tendinitis. Thirty-five consecutive patients (mean age = 44.5 +/- 8.6 years; mean duration of symptoms = 3.9 +/- 3.5 months) fulfilling the eligibility criteria participated in the study. Measure...

We present the case of an 80-year-old man with a tumor recurrence on his right arm 6 years after initial treatment. The lateral aspect of the elbow joint, involving overlaying skin, muscles, tendons, joint capsule, lateral collateral ligament complex, the lateral 1/3 of the capitellum, and lateral epicondyle of humerus were excised in the tumor resection. Intraoperative assessment revealed mult...

A low origin of the radial artery is a rare anatomical variation, with the incidence estimated at 0.2 %. This report presents a previously unrecorded case of an unusual distal origin of the radial artery, co-occurring with a double recurrent radial artery. The radial artery arose under the pronator teres muscle, 76 mm below the intercondylar line of the humerus. After emerging from under the te...

Purpose Distal scaphoid and triquetrum excisions can improve the range of wrist motion after radioscapholunate (RSL) fusion, but little is known about kinematics dart-throwing global circumduction motions. We hypothesized that these could increase without causing midcarpal instability. Methods Seven fresh-frozen cadaver upper extremities were mounted on a testing apparatus isolation preloading ...

We welcome the opportunity to respond to the informative letter regarding the terminology of concentric and eccentric. We certainly agree that it is exceedingly important to be as precise and accurate as possible when using these and any scientific terminology. The authors of the letter astutely point out the difference in terminology between movement of a single muscle compared with movement o...