The industrial potential of object-oriented formal methods is enormous. The potential of these methods has largely gone unrealised however, due to weaknesses in the underlying semantic foundations. This paper addresses that problem. We identify the \hard" problems in the area as: (i) the need to model object identity; (ii) the relationship between structure and behaviour; and, (iii) the (someti...

Assuming that grammar is best modeled as a set of modules each representing a constraint system, like other human cognitive faculties, these constraint systems are bound to disagree and soft constraints are needed for conflict resolution among modules. This paper outlines an approach to incorporate soft constraints among grammar modules. The paper first goes over the issue of modularity and con...

The success of the Semantic Web is impossible without any form of modularity, encapsulation, and access control. In an earlier paper, we extended RDF graphs with weak and strong negation, as well as derivation rules. The ERDF #n-stable model semantics of the extended RDF framework (ERDF) is defined, extending RDF(S) semantics. In this paper, we propose a framework for modular ERDF ontologies, c...

In order to benefit from the presence of modularity, hierarchy, or repetition in a problem, a necessary first step is to identify precise notions of these problem features. Modularity, hierarchy, and repetition have often been used as terms to characterize the operation of a search method. However, if these features are to improve the efficiency of a search method, then there must exist corresp...

A modular semilattice is a semilattice S in which w > a A ft implies that there exist i,jeS such that x > a. y > b and x A y = x A w. This is equivalent to modularity in a lattice and in the semilattice of ideals of the semilattice, and the condition implies the Kurosh-Ore replacement property for irreducible elements in a semilattice. The main results provide extensions of the classical charac...

G. Aglieri Rinellaa,V. Carassitic,A. Ceccuccia,E. Cortinad ,J. Daguina,G. Dellacasab,M. Fiorinia,P. Jarrona,J. Kaplona,A. Klugea,F. Marchettoa,E. Martind ,A. Mapellia, f ,G. Mazzab,M. Morela,M. Noya,G. Nüssled ,P. Petagnaa,L. Perktolda,F. Petruccic,e,A. Cotta Ramusinoc,P. Riedlera,A. Rivettib,R. Wheadonb aCERN, Geneva Switzerland,bINFN Torino, Italy,cINFN Ferrare, Italy,dUCL Louvain la Neuve, B...

Open Source Software (OSS) Projects are gaining popularity these days, and they become alternatives in building software system. Despite many failures in these projects, there are some success stories with one of the identified success factors is modularity. This paper presents the first quantitative software metrics to measure modularity level of Java-based OSS Projects called Modularity Index...

Network modularity is an important structural feature in metabolic networks. A previous study suggested that the variability in natural habitat promotes metabolic network modularity in bacteria. However, since many factors influence the structure of the metabolic network, this phenomenon might be limited and there may be other explanations for the change in metabolic network modularity. Therefo...

Based on optimization modularity, many algorithms were proposed to detect community structure in complex networks. As a optimization measure, modularity has resolution limits problems. A new measure named by modularity density was introduced, which can overcome the resolution limits drawbacks of modularity function. In this paper, we propose a immune clone selection algorithm for detecting comm...

Recently, the small-gain theorem for input-to-state stable (ISS) systems has been extended to the class of integral input-to-state stable (iISS) systems. Feedback connections of two iISS systems are robustly stable with respect to disturbance if an extended small-gain condition is satisfied. It has been proved that at least one of the two iISS subsystems needs to be ISS for guaranteeing globall...