A model is developed which explains the collective plasma phenomena associated with the extended Franck-Hertz experiment described in an earlier paper by Nicoletopoulos [Eur. J. Phys. 23, 533 (2002)]. The particular focus is on the formation of the free steady-state monotonic double layer. The approach used is a Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal theory in which one postulates the space potential and a s...

We continue our study of the optical properties solar gravitational lens (SGL). Taking next step beyond representing it as an idealized monopole, we now characterize field Sun using infinite series multipole moments. consider propagation electromagnetic (EM) waves in this within first post-Newtonian approximation general theory relativity. The problem is formulated Mie diffraction theory. solve...

Recently an improved long-range model for electrolyte solutions was developed that is applicable from infinite dilution to pure salt. This paper tests this claim the first time applying it calculation of liquid-liquid equilibria mixtures different ionic liquids (ILs) and water. The conventional Pitzer-Debye-Hückel (PDH) equation compared two its new, thermodynamically consistent extensions. Bot...