Paediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) represents a particular MS subgroup with unique diagnostic challenges. Due to the narrow window of environmental exposures and clinical disease expression, children with MS may represent an important study population for gaining a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. The International Paediatric MS Study Group (IPMSSG) was formulated to cla...

background:uncontrolled application of diazinon (dzn)can cause environmental contamination and adverse healtheffects on humans or animals. objectives:this study aimed toinvestigate the toxic effects and the level of dzn in serum andtissues of rabbits following a sub acute dermal exposure totoxicant. methods:different doses of dzn were applied dailyto new zealand rabbits through the ear skin in ...

background: during the one-year period from may 2008 to may 2009, a nationwide shortage developed which rabies vaccine was not being produced by the manufacturers. in order to manage existing supply, a protocol was established wherein an authorization was required from the regional poison center before vaccine could be administered to a patient. methods: the georgia poison center internal datab...

background maternal passive smoking or exposure to environmental tobacco smoke may be a risk factor for maternal and newborn morbidity. objectives the current study aimed to assess the relationship between preterm delivery and tobacco smoke exposure in pregnant woman referring to the shabih-khani maternity hospital in kashan, iran. patients and methods an analytical retrospective cohort study w...

safety analysis of the roads through the accident rates which is one of the widely used tools has been resulted from the direct exposure method which is based on the ratio of the vehicle-kilometers traveled and vehicle-travel time. however, due to some fundamental flaws in its theories and difficulties in gaining access to the data required such as traffic volume, distance and duration of the t...

background  it is remain a main concern that pediatric chest radiographies contribute to the significant radiation exposure to the thyroid gland as a more susceptible organ to radiation induced cancer. the aim of this study was to evaluate the entrance surface dose (esd) of pediatric chest radiography compared to the diagnostic reference levels (drl) and evaluation the efficacy of the lead (pb)...

background: noise is one of the most pervasive hazards in industrial settings. this retrospective study was carried out to assess the effects of noise exposure on hearing status, blood lipids and blood pressure of employees of a local fireclay mine. methods: two hundred and forty male workers were studied. data on audiometric measurements, blood lipids and blood pressure were derived from the w...

in this study, cadmium (cd) accumulation was studied in an experimental aquatic exposure. mosquitofish (gambusia affinis) were acutely exposed for 96 h to a high concentration of cd (12 mg/l) and were chronically exposed to a low concentration of cd(0.4 mg/l) for 30 days. cd accumulation profiles differed between the two cd exposures. the cd concentation in g. affinis tissues increased linearly...

conclusion scout views may be useful in determining dose and image quality in ct scanning; however, it is necessary to first determine the most appropriate scout view for ct scans. background while using the automatic exposure control technique in computed tomography (ct), the scout view determines the radiation dose for the ct scan by taking anatomical morphology into consideration. objectives...

background: in response to the need for diagnosis and treatment, medical radiation has been increasingly used worldwide. this study investigated the medical utilization of radiation-related diseases among radiological technologists (rts) and factors that influence such diseases. materials and methods: data were collected from the taiwan national health insurance research database. a panel study...