The integrity of tunnel structures deployed in difficult geological conditions such as expansive soils can be improved by incorporating compressible layers the lining. Such lining materials obtained embedding weak inclusions (Expanded polystyrene, Expanded glass beads, Air voids) into a cement paste material. material properties these individual constituents well their geometry affect overall b...

Expansive laminoplasty for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) has had favorable outcomes. Many modifications of expansive laminoplasty have been developed, including expansive laminoplasty with and without spinous process spacers (SPS). The purpose of this study was to determine whether surgical outcomes were similar between expansive laminoplasty surgeries with and with...

Pile foundations are widely used in regions with expansive soils to transfer the loads from superstructures a rigid soil stratum, thereby alleviating stability and deformation problems. However, current design procedures for pile typically based on saturated mechanics principles assuming drained conditions, despite fact surrounding piles an unsaturated state. Volume changes of induced by matric...

We introduce the property of pre-expansivity for cellular automata (CA): it is the property of being expansive on asymptotic pairs of configurations (i.e. configurations that differ in only finitely many positions). Pre-expansivity therefore lies between expansivity and pre-injectivity, two important notions of CA theory. We show that there exist one-dimensional pre-expansive CAs which are not ...

In this paper theorems are proved which provide for lifting and projecting expansive homeomorphisms through pseudocovering mappings so that the lift or projection is also an expansive homeomorphism. Using these techniques it is shown that the compact orientable surface of genus 2 admits an expansive homeomorphism.

Methods Using herbarium records from the Oklahoma Vascular Plants Database from 1903 to 2004, we reconstructed the spatial and temporal collection history of two alien invasive taxa (Lonicera japonica and Tamarix spp.) and three native expansive species (Ambrosia psilostachya, Amphiachyris dracunculoides and Juniperus virginiana). To compare the overall collecting trend, groups of native non-ex...