The concept of industrial heritage arose in the middle of 20th century, when several industrial buildings and urban landscapes were destroyed in the UK. Since then, numerous efforts have been put to recognize industrial heritage works. Industrial sites are considered as a milestone in human history; they contain memories from a period which was a nuisance, and at the same time symbolized hope t...

Introduction: Natural disasters are known as one of the most important factors in the destruction of human settlements. One of the key concerns for urban planners is examining how natural disasters affect human settlements, particularly cities. Earthquake is one of these natural disasters that has always threatened human settlements and can cause a lot of damage and casualties in a short period...

The limitation of land in big cities has caused the vertical growth of cities; for example, high-rise buildings on the ground and underground urban facilities can be mentioned. This restriction has increased the value of land in cities, and on the other hand, it has created some new and complicated technical and legal aspects in the cadastral issues. To respond to these new technical and legal ...