[1] We re-assess the constraints that estimates of the global ocean excess radiocarbon inventory (I) place on air-sea gas exchange. We find that the gas exchange scaling parameter aq cannot be constrained by I E alone. Non-negligible biases in different global wind speed data sets require a careful adaptation of aq to the wind field chosen. Furthermore, aq depends on the spatial and temporal re...

An airplane’s ability to absorb delay while airborne is limited and costly. Because of this, the air traffic management system anticipates and manages excessive demand for scarce shared resources, such as arrival runways or busy airspace, so that the delay necessary for buffering can be spread out over a larger distance, or taken on the ground before departure. It is difficult to model these im...

It is no doubt that the most important contributing cause of global efficiency coal fired thermal systems combustion efficiency. In this study, relationship between flame image obtained by a CCD camera and excess air coefficient ({\lambda}) has been modelled. The model with three-stage approach: 1) Data collection synchronization: Obtaining images means mounted on 10 cm diameter observation por...

Nitrogen fertilizer use across the world’s croplands enables high-yielding agricultural production, but does so at considerable environmental cost. Imbalances between nitrogen applied and nitrogen used by crops contributes to excess nitrogen in the environment, with negative consequences for water quality, air quality, and climate change. Here we utilize crop input-yield models to investigate h...