Artificial Life is a model of biological systems that describes lives archived by computer simulation, chemical substrates or any other non-biological substrates. Artificial Life simulation adopts a bottom-up approach in which behavior of lower-level entities (e.g. molecules, cells and individuals) is all that is programed; global patterns (e.g. evolutionary patterns observed at the level of th...

Humor is a complex cognitive function which often leads to laughter. Contemporary humor theorists have begun to formulate hypotheses outlining the possible innate cognitive structures underlying humor. Humor’s conspicuous presence in the behavioral repertoire of humankind invites adaptive explanations. This article explores the possible adaptive features of humor and ponders its evolutionary pa...

Sexual antagonism, whereby mutations are favourable in one sex and disfavourable in the other, is common in natural populations, yet the root causes of sexual antagonism are rarely considered in evolutionary theories of adaptation. Here, we explore the evolutionary consequences of sex-differential selection and genotype-by-sex interactions for adaptation in species with separate sexes. We show ...

This chapter sketches a strategic map of a selection of the relevant issues at the intersection of economics, psychology, sociology, and evolutionary theories applied to strategic management. It takes an evolutionary complexity perspective, based on a (manageable) selection of the relevant literature. The discussion focuses on evolutionary processes of change and their implications for strategi...

Bayesian evolutionary analysis provide a statistically sound and flexible framework for estimation of evolutionary parameters. In this method, posterior estimates of evolutionary rate (μ) are derived by combining evolutionary information in the data with researcher’s prior knowledge about the true value of μ. Nucleotide sequence samples of fast evolving pathogens that are taken at d...

Many theories have been proposed for answering two questions on aging: “Why do we age?” and “How do we age?” Among them, evolutionary theories are made for interpreting the evolutionary advantage of aging, and “saving resources for group benefit” is thought to be the purpose of aging. However for saving resources, a more economic strategy should be to make the individuals over reproduction age ...

It has been argued that evolutionary considerations favour utilitarianism by selectively debunking its competitors. However, also seem to undermine the practical significance of utilitarianism, since commonsense beliefs about well-being like prime candidates for debunking. We argue is not undermined in this way if we understand requirements rationality as sensitive normative uncertainty. consid...

Logic programs represent logical theories. Therefore implementing and testing a logic program results in a cyclical process of theory changes. We strongly believe that a logic programming environment should assist the user in this theory reenement process. Upon the transition from one theory to a new one, the system should maintain as much knowledge as possible about what became known to the us...