In 2005, our authors discovered grid cells, which are types of neurons that are central to how the brain calculates location and navigation. Since that time, they have worked to learn how grid cells communicate with other types of neurons-place cells, border cells, and head direction cells-to affect spatial awareness, memory, and decision-making. Because the entorhinal cortex, which contains th...

With the explosion in the number of images and videos on the Internet and ongoing amassing of huge volumes of visual data from digital cameras and mobile devices, we are unknowingly logging our own history. Consider that the number of digital cameras and camera phones in the world has surpassed one billion and that 500 billion consumer photos are taken each year. Given the world’s population of...

A number of arguments purport to show that vague properties determine sharp boundaries at higher orders. That is, although we may countenance vagueness concerning the location of boundaries for vague predicates, every predicate can instead be associated with precise knowable cut-off points deriving from precision in their higher order boundaries. I argue that this conclusion is indeed paradoxic...

Financial institutions around theworld expected themillennium date change (Y2K) to cause an aggregate liquidity shortage. Responding to the concern, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York auctioned Y2K options to primary dealers. The options gave the dealers the right to borrow from the Fed at a predetermined interest rate. Using the implied volatilities of Y2K options and the on/off-the-run spre...

Projects can cause organizations to perform in new ways resulting in the generation of knowledge. Project learning occurs when new knowledge is captured, disseminated, and used by the project team. Y2K utility projects were studied with respect to knowledge benefits and management. Projects from developed countries using western technology were found to have knowledge benefits but their organiz...

There are many commercial tools that address various aspects of the Year 2000 problem. None of these tools, however, make any documented use of plan-based techniques for automated concept recovery. This implies a general perception that plan-based techniques is not useful for this problem. This paper argues that this perception is incorrect and these techniques are in fact mature enough to make...

To paraphrase the ubiquitous warning applied to the perverse products of the tobacco industry, ‘breathing may be dangerous to your health’, in particular if you are a lung transplant recipient. This is especially true if you live near a major road in a region with high levels of trafficrelated air pollution. Alone among solid organ transplants, the lung allograft is exposed to the ambient envir...

Inheritance powder is the name that was given to poisons, especially arsenic, that were commonly used in the 17th and early 18th centuries to hasten the death of the elderly. For most of the 17th century, arsenic was deadly but undetectable, making it nearly impossible to prove that someone had been poisoned. The first arsenic test produced a gas—hardly something that a scientist could show to ...