Introduction: Nosocomial infection (NI) is an infection occurring in a patient after 48 hours of hospitalization or up to 72 hours after discharge from the hospital, which was not present or incubating at the time of admission.  Hospital accreditation standards have a significant impact on the prevention and control of NI. Nevertheless, Iran’s hospital accreditation standards face challenges. T...

Conceiving, building, maintaining and refi ning a universal health system is an inordinately complex undertaking. Its effective implementation requires everything from political will consistently and strategically applied, to accurate epidemiological data and analysis, plus quality medical education and active citizen participation. It also takes resources—fi nancial, technological, pharmaceuti...

the caspian sea region, because of the proximity of two permanent powers - russia and iran- and the emergence of newly independent republics, is one of the most dynamic places in the world. in addition, the continuity of interests of other global actors, including the united states and europe, with the coastal countries has added to the complexity and dynamics. in this regard, the region energy...

The recent issue of Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology made an important and interesting theme “What is the Best Research for Low Income Countries?” (1). We enjoyed reading the paper; nevertheless we hope to find a chance to share our idea. It was mentioned that some, for sure not all, researchers from the developed countries might not have enough motivation to contribute to the scient...

Although homeopathy have been discovered 230 years ago by Dr Samuel Hahnemann but only scientific view has begun only since 25 years. Currently homeopathy has been integrated into the national health care systems of many countries, including India, Mexico, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and the United Kingdom. In the World Health Organization report about alternative medicine that published in 2001, we n...

this article examines the human rights abuses perpetrated by the united nationsmissions in places like kosovo, congo and haiti where the united nations powerhas been practically comparable to the state power. it will also investigate similarcases of abuses committed by highest-ranking un officials in new yorkheadquarter and geneva offices. the violations examined in this article include notjust...

Acupuncture has been used in China and other Asian countries for the past 3000 yr. Recently, this technique has been gaining increased popularity among physicians and patients in the United States. Even though acupuncture-induced analgesia is being used in many pain management programs in the United States, the mechanism of action remains unclear. Studies suggest that acupuncture and related te...

With 99% of maternal deaths occurring in developing countries, it is too often assumed that maternal mortality is not a problem in wealthier countries. Yet, statistics released in September of 2010 by the United Nations place the United States 50th in the world for maternal mortality — with maternal mortality ratios higher than almost all European countries, as well as several countries in Asia...

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is well recognized in developed countries and is generally among the differential diagnoses of young patients presenting with refractory diarrhea once other more common etiologies have been excluded. Pinworm infections, on the other hand, are not as common among adults in the United States. CASE REPORT Based on computed tomography features, a 24-yea...