Synthesis of bisfunctionalized unsymmetrical 2,2'-bipyridines 8 or their sulfonyl derivatives 12a,b are described. They were prepared via the Diels-Alder reaction of 1-methyl-4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (6) with 3,3'-bis(methyl- sulfanyl)-5,5'-bi-1,2,4-triazine (1). The reaction leads to the single cycloaddition product 7 which undergoes Diels-Alder reaction with cyclic enamine...

This review illustrates how water, as an environmentally friendly solvent, can have significant additional benefits when it is used as a solvent for the Diels–Alder reaction. The mechanism by which the unique properties of water enhance the rate and selectivity are discussed. Also, possibilities for the achievement of further increases in rate and enantioselectivity of aqueous Diels–Alder react...

The natural eutrophication of lakes is still an accepted concept in limnology, arising as it does from the earliest efforts to classify lakes and place them in an evolutionary sequence. Recent studies of newly formed lakes at Glacier Bay, Alaska, only partially support this idea, and suggest more variable trends in lake trophic development which are under local (catchment-level) control. Here w...

There are few data on fine root biomass and morphology change in relation to stand age. Based on chronosequences for beech (9-140 years old), oak (11-140 years) and alder (4-76 years old) we aimed to examine how stand age affects fine root biomass and morphology. Soil cores from depths of 0-15 cm and 16-30 cm were used for the study. In contrast to previously published studies that suggested th...

(4S)-4-Benzyl-3-[(4S,5S)-(1-methoxy-5-methylcyclohexen-4- yl)carbonyl]-2-oxazolidinone, C19H23NO4, M(r) = 329.40, monoclinic, P2(1), a = 11.453 (3), b = 7.163 (4), c = 11.929 (2) A, beta = 111.86 (2) degree, V = 908.3 (5) A3, Z = 2, D chi = 1.20 g cm-3, lambda (Mo K alpha) = 0.71073 A, mu = 0.79 cm-1, F(000) = 352, T = 297 K, R = 0.034 for 885 reflections with Fo2 greater than 0. The molecule i...

In this paper, I examine how the specific nature of economic integration in the European Union has affected member states’ redistribution policies over the last two decades. More precisely, I attempt to detail the effect of social-tax competition between member states within social models, processes that I label “races to bottoms.” In this framework, I identify the emergence of an informal set ...

We measured annual net nitrogen (N) mineralization, nitrification, and amino acid production in situ across a primary successional sequence in interior Alaska, USA. Net N mineralization per gram dry soil increased across the successional sequence, but with a sharp decline in the oldest stage (black spruce). Net N mineralization expressed per gram soil organic matter exhibited the opposite patte...

In 1956, Alder conjectured that the number of partitions of n into parts differing by at least d is greater than or equal to that of partitions of n into parts identical with +/-1 (mod d+3) for d > or = 4. In 1971, Andrews proved that the conjecture holds for d = 2r-1, r > or = 4. We sketch a proof of the conjecture for all d > or = 32.

Introduction Conclusions References