This paper proposes that complex projectile weaponry was a key strategic innovation driving Late Pleistocene human dispersal into western Eurasia after 50 Ka. It argues that complex projectile weapons of the kind used by ethnographic hunter-gatherers, such as the bow and arrow, and spearthrower and dart, enabled Homo sapiens to overcome obstacles that constrained previous human dispersal from A...

Mehdi Eshagh 1, Matloob Hussain 1,2, Robert Tenzer 3,4,* and Mohsen Romeshkani 5 1 Department of Engineering Science, University West, Trollhättan 46186, Sweden; [email protected] (M.E.); [email protected] (M.H.) 2 Department of Earth Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan 3 The Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China ...

W are the basic units of world history? For those interested in what used to be the Soviet Union, this question involves several others: Are there large units of analysis that are simple but capable of illuminating the history of this entire region over long periods? Can such units also help explain the crisis the region is undergoing today? Can they reveal the larger shape of the region’s hist...

Camphorosmeae constitute a species-rich tribe of Chenopodiaceae-Camphorosmoideae that consists mostly of subshrubs and annuals, distributed in steppes and semi-deserts of Australia, Eurasia, North Africa, southern Africa and North America. We study (1) the relationships of Camphorosmeae to major lineages of the closely related Salsoloideae and (2) the diversification of the tribe with focus on ...

Friction controls most of the strength of tectonic plate boundaries, and thus the force mutually exchanged between plates. Estimates of the plate-boundary friction-coefficient are therefore of paramount importance to our understanding of the lithosphere torque balance. However, several lines of evidence indicate that the friction-coefficient of plate margins is significantly lower than is measu...

The movement of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N8) virus across Eurasia and into North America and the virus' propensity to reassort with co-circulating low pathogenicity viruses raise concerns among poultry producers, wildlife biologists, aviculturists, and public health personnel worldwide. Surveillance, modeling, and experimental research will provide the knowledge required for intelli...

a Institut für Erdund Umweltwissenschaften, and DFG Leibniz Center for Surface Processes and Climate Studies, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany b Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey c Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Rome, Italy d Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingeneria (IGAG-CNR), Rome, I...

We previously reported fatal infection of a captive Bornean orangutan with metacestodes of a novel taeniid tapeworm, Versteria sp. New data implicate mustelids as definitive hosts of these tapeworms in North America. At least 2 parasite genetic lineages circulate in North America, representing separate introductions from Eurasia.

Can international anarchy be stabilized, if not globally, then at least regionally? Those scholars who give a positive answer usually refer to the North Atlantic community which can categorized as an society from viewpoint of English school. The emergence such outside West is traditionally considered hardly possible. However, this article argues that it may already emerging in Eurasia, with Rus...

Hantaviruses are rodent-borne, emerging viruses that cause life-threatening human diseases in Eurasia and the Americas. We detected hantavirus genome sequences in an African wood mouse (Hylomyscus simus) captured in Sangassou, Guinea. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the genetic material demonstrate a novel hantavirus species, which we propose to name "Sangassou virus."