Surface modification with oligo(ethylene oxide) functionalized monolayers terminated with reactive headgroups constitutes a powerful strategy to provide specific coupling of biomolecules with simultaneous protection from nonspecific adsorption on surfaces for the preparation of biorecognition interfaces. To date, oligo(ethylene oxide) functionalized monolayer-forming molecules which can be acti...

The dispersion behavior of graphene oxide in different organic solvents has been investigated. As-prepared graphite oxide could be dispersed in N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, and ethylene glycol. In all of these solvents, full exfoliation of the graphite oxide material into individual, single-layer graphene oxide sheets was achieved by sonication. The graphene ...

A study was made to determine the effects of temperature and moisture on the D-value of a common biological indicator. Relative humidity (RH) was varied between 10 and 70% in increments of 10%, and temperature was varied between 30 and 70 degrees C in increments of 10 degrees C. Temperature was found to have a pronounced effect on the D-value. At 60% RH, the D-value varied from 15.0 min at 30 d...

Despite recently revived interest in gaseous disinfection or sterilization, only two compounds, formaldehyde and ethylene oxide, have been used to any great extent for this purpose. As discussed by Phillips (1957) in a review of gaseous sterilization, several other compounds have been mentioned in the literature as possessing bactericidal properties in the vapor state but have been put to littl...

We prepared self-assembled vesicles comprising layers of fullerene, alkyl chains, triazole, oligo(ethylene oxide) chains, biotin and avidin molecules. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy using a superhydrophilic indium-tin oxide substrate was found to be useful for nanometer-level structural analysis of the vesicles and individual avidin molecules whose structures are difficult to anal...

Spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger, dried on nonhygroscopic and hygroscopic surfaces, were enclosed in one of four thicknesses of low-density polyethylene film (2, 4, 6, and 20 mils). The surfaces were then placed in a specially designed thermochemical death rate apparatus and exposed to an ethylene oxide concentration of 600 mg/liter (at 54.4 C) and 50% relative humidity. Survival data, in...