Ethyl carbamate and a series of related compounds were given in single intraperitoneal doses to pregnant Syrian hamsters on Day 8 of gestation, and fetuses were examined for malformations on Day 13 of gestation. Urethan produced a variety of malforma tions and growth retardation. Of the compounds modified in the carboethoxy end, n-propyl carbamate was as teratogenic as the ethyl carbamate, and ...

various extracts of sarcostemma viminale were screened for central analgesic activity by hot plate test, peripheral analgesic activity by acetic acid-induced writhings, cns depressant activity by pentobarbitone-induced sleep and locomotor activity testing methods and anthelmintic activity on the earthworms pheretima posthuma . results showed that petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts had g...

A solvent- and halogen-free synthesis of high purity triflate ionic liquids via direct alkylation of organic bases (amines, phosphines or heterocyclic compounds) with methyl and ethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (methyl and ethyl triflate) has been developed. Cheap and non-toxic dimethyl and diethyl carbonate serve as source for the methyl and ethyl groups in the preparation of methyl and ethyl t...

Ethyl pyruvate, a known ROS scavenger and anti-inflammatory drug was found to combat leukemia cells. Tumor cell killing was achieved by concerted action of necrosis/apoptosis induction, ATP depletion, and inhibition of glycolytic and para-glycolytic enzymes. Ethyl lactate was less harmful to leukemia cells but was found to arrest cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. Both, ethyl pyruvate and ethyl lac...

The knowledge and the capacity to describe the liquid–liquid equilibria of systems composed of fatty acid ethyl esters, ethanol and water are crucial for an adequate design of the biodiesel washing units found in the ethylic biodiesel production processes. Since limited data is available for systems of this kind, in this work measurements were carried out for fatty acid ethyl esters + ethanol +...

A series of metal-modified phosphotungstates were prepared and performed for direct synthesis of ethyl levulinate from fructose in ethanol. Considering the cost of catalysts, catalytic activity of catalysts, and easy separation of catalysts together, K-HPW-1 was chosen as the most suitable catalyst for synthesis of ethyl levulinate from fructose. A high ethyl levulinate yield of 64.6 mol% was o...

The interaction of 2-ethoxymethylidene-3-oxo esters and their analogues with 5-aminotetrazole is an efficient synthetic approach to novel azaheterocycles. 2-Ethoxymethylidene-3-oxo esters bearing alkyl substituents react with 5-aminotetrazole to form ethyl 2-azido-4-alkylpyrimidine-5-carboxylates which are capable of subsequent nucleophilic substitution. The use of diethyl 2-ethoxymethylidenema...