In this chapter, we describe a few popular experimental methodologies that can be used to independently validate the results of a microarray experiment. In contrast to many of the other chapters in this book, the techniques described here are decidedly non-mathematical or statistical in nature. Instead, most of them utilize standard 'wet-bench' molecular biology protocols that have proven thems...

A hollow cylinder apparatus was used to study some engineering properties of hollow cylindrical sand specimens prepared using the wet-pluviation technique. The refined specimen preparation method displayed good repeatability. Wet pluviation produced inherently cross-anisotropic specimens, with the level of initial anisotropy reducing with decreasing initial void ratio. The variation in the init...

The objectives of this chapter are twofold: firstly to introduce DNA computation, and secondly to demonstrate how DNA computing can be applied to solve large, complex combinatorial problems, such as the optimal scheduling of a group of elevators servicing a number of floors in a multi-storey building. Recently, molecular (or wet) computing has been widely researched not only within the context ...

This study evaluates the environmental impacts, economic potential, and merits of producing bioenergy from seaweed via biological conversion pathways, including the: 1) sugar pathway; (2) volatile fatty acids (3) methane pathway to produce ethanol, ethanol heavier alcohols, heat power, respectively. The maximum price minimum product selling are both calculated as indicators. Overall, results de...

To recycle food wastes, soybean curd residue (SCR) was used as substrate in Bacillus subtilis fermentation to extract nattokinase (NK). In researches, the extract conditions of Natto-NK, as well as the fibrinolytic activities of SCR-NK were investigated. In fibrinolytic activities, Natto-NK and wet corn distillers’ grain (WDG)-NK were regarded as comparisons. It was showed that the highest Natt...

Of about 10 billion bushels of corn that are grown each year in the United States, less than 2% is processed directly into food products, and about 18% is processed into intermediates such as high-fructose corn syrup, ethanol, and cornstarch. The vast majority of the annual crop is used domestically for animal feed (60%), and about 16% is exported. Thus, any program for controlling residues of ...

Thc sterilizing effect of supercritical carben dioxide (SC-CO,) is described as compared with gaseous C02(G-CO,) and liquid CO,(L-CO,). Baker's yeast, ltscherichia eoli, Staphylococcus aure us and eonidia'ofAspergiilus niger were sterilized by treating with SC-CO, at 200 atm and 350C when the water contcnt of each microorganism was 70 .90%, However, dry cells with a water content of 2 .1O% coul...

Trans-3,4,5-trihydroxystilbene (resveratrol), a polyphenolic compound found in juice and wine from dark-skinned grape cultivars, was recently shown to bind to estrogen receptors in vitro, where it activated transcription of estrogen-responsive reporter genes. The purpose of this 6-day study in weanling rats was to determine the dose response (1, 4, 10, 40, and 100 microg/day) effects of orally ...