Alcohol consumption during pregnancy has deleterious effects on the developing foetus ranging from subtle physical deficits to severe behavioural abnormalities and is encompassed under a broad umbrella term, foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). High levels of exposure show distinct effects, whereas the consequences of moderate exposures have been less well studied. The aim of this study wa...

The fermentation of sugars to alcohol is used for a number of different applications, most notably the production of alcoholic beverages. The beer and wine industry ferment extracts of barley and grapes respectively to produce numerous alcoholic beverages, while distilleries further concentrate ethanol using the evaporation and condensation differences of ethanol and water. Ethanol can be bioch...

Recently, we described a simple procedure, Drinking in the Dark (DID), in which C57BL/6J mice self-administer ethanol to a blood ethanol concentration (BEC) above 1 mg/ml. The test consists of replacing the water with 20% ethanol in the home cage for 4 h early during the dark phase of the light/dark cycle. Three experiments were conducted to explore this high ethanol drinking model further. In ...

Results from animal research suggest that pretreatment with prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors (PGSIs) may inhibit physiological and behavioral effects of moderate ethanol ingestion. We examined the effects of ethanol and pentobarbital in humans with and without pretreatment with indomethacin, a potent PGSI. Ten male subjects with histories of recreational use of ethanol and sedative/hypnotics ...

AIM To evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to ethanol in the liver and the expression of inflammatory genes in zebrafish. METHODS Zebrafish (n = 104), wild type, adult, male and female, were divided into two groups: Control and ethanol (0.05 v/v). The ethanol was directly added into water; tanks water were changed every two days and the ethanol replaced. The animals were fed twice a day ...

Individual differences in dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) expression in the brain are thought to influence motivation and reinforcement for ethanol and other rewards. D2R exists in two isoforms, D2 long (D2LR) and D2 short (D2SR), produced by alternative splicing of the same gene. The relative contributions of D2LR versus D2SR to ethanol and sugar water drinking are not known. Genetic engineering wa...

Petroleum ether, ethanol and water extracts of Trigonella foenum graecum seeds were investigated separately to determine their antiimplantation (antifertility) and estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity in female albino rats and Swiss mice. Among these, ethanol extract was found to be the most effective as antiimplantation and estrogenic agent. In preliminary phytochemical screening, ethanol extrac...

The effects of ethanol on squid giant axons were studied by means of the sucrose-gap technique. The membrane action potential height is moderately reduced and the duration sometimes shortened by ethanol in sea water. Voltage clamp experiments showed that ethanol in sea water reduced the maximum membrane conductances for sodium (g'(Na)) and potassium (g'(K)). In experiments with multiple applica...

The trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-insoluble fraction of water column bacteria labeled with [H]leucine contained an ethanol-soluble fraction accounting for up to 44% of the label. A component of the ethanol-soluble fraction is [H]leucine. Labeled-protein purification requires an ethanol wash step. Cold TCA can replace hot TCA for precipitation of labeled proteins.

Background: Cotton gin trash (CGT) is a lignocellulosic residue that can be used in the production of cellulosic ethanol. In a previous research, the sequential use of ultrasonication, liquid hot water, and ligninolytic enzymes was selected as pretreatment for the production of ethanol from CGT. However, an increment in the ethanol production is necessary. To accomplish that, this research eval...