In section one I outline the project of Armstrong‟s book Truth and Truthmakers. In section two I make some observations about the relation of this project to various theories of truth and to realism. In section three I present Armstrong‟s response to one of the toughest challenges to his thesis that every truth has a truthmaker: the challenge of finding truthmakers for negative truths and gener...

It is believed in the West that logic began with Aristotle, and that logic is universal. The core of Western thought—including present-day formal mathematics and the philosophy of science—is premised on the belief that logical truths are universal, that they are necessary truths, and that logical deduction is certain and infallible. These beliefs about logic however are untenable, both historic...

Mark Jago has presented a dilemma for truthmaker non-maximalism—the thesis that some but not all truths require truthmakers—that arises because some truths that do not require truthmakers by the non-maximalist’s lights (e.g., that Santa Claus does not exist) are necessitated by truths that do (e.g., that Barack Obama knows that Santa Claus does not exist). According to Jago, the non-maximalist ...

In the article of 1965 Are logical truths analytic? Hintikka deals with the problem of establishing whether the logical truths of first-order logic are analytic or synthetic. In order to provide an answer to this issue, Hintikka firstly distinguishes two different notions of analyticity, and then he shows that the sentences of first-order logic are analytic in one sense, but synthetic in anothe...

Considering the fact that at present there is a crisis of modernity, which has not only political but also socio-cultural character, authors article try to offer possible way out it. Namely, they propose turn those socio-philosophical ideas were developed by representatives Leningrad philosophical school in second half 20th century and are almost forgotten this moment. These ideas, understood t...

For many, analysis of a microarray experiment starts with a spreadsheet of expression levels. While great attention is duly paid to RNA extraction, preparation and hybridization, relatively little care is devoted to extraction of expression levels from the fluorescent image. By delegating this step to a click of the mouse the exact extraction process is masked and researchers may be unwittingly...

We suggest the use of a declarative programming language to design and describe circuits, concentrating on the use of higher-order functions to structure and simplify designs. In order to describe sequential circuits, we use a language , fp, which abstracts from temporal iteration. The practicalities of vlsi design make regularity attractive, and we describe the use of familiar higher order fun...

The Old Testament appears to describe the successful application of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation of a child, some 2,900 years ago (II Kings 4:34). According to O’Donnell and colleagues,1 the Babylonian Talmud describes a similar event 2,300 years ago: “One may give a woman (about to give birth) all assistance possible.... One may violate the Sabbath on her account.” What is meant by “being of a...

We have been forced to stop all intercourse between Adler's splinter group and our own association, and our medical guests are also requested to choose which of the two they will visit. . . . It is not my purpose, my dear lady, to enforce such limitations in your case. 1 only request of you that with due regard for the situation you make use of an artificial psychic split, so to speak, and make...