abstract relation between sexual maturity and levels of two main steroid hormones in gonads, 17- estradiol (e2) and testosterone (t) were studied by using histological and radioimmunoassay in female kutum rutilus frisii kutum during spawning season of the southern caspian sea. the study was carried out from february to may 2008 using 105 migrated fish specimens catched from the river sefid-rood...

Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine disrupting chemical which has been shown to be able to modulate endocrine system of various organisms by different mechanisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effects of  4-NP and 17-β-estradiol (E2) on immune parameters (IgM level and lysozyme activity) of   Koi carp (Cyprinus the carpio carpio)  in an attempt to expand the knowledg...

The majority of colorectal cancers (CRCs) are hormone‑dependent. Thus, endocrine therapy has become an attractive strategy to treat CRC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of combined tamoxifen (TAM) plus β‑estradiol (E2) treatment on human DLD‑1 CRC cells. The human DLD‑1 CRC cell line was treated with different concentrations of TAM, β‑estradiol, or a combin...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the predictive efficiency of serum estradiol (E2) concentration in the mid-luteal phase regarding chemical, clinical, and ongoing pregnancies, in patients subjected to IVF/ICSI with fresh embryo transfer. METHODS One hundred and forty-three patients undergoing IVF/ICSI met all the inclusion criteria for the present study. Most of the patients used antagonists, final matu...

17β-estradiol (E2) regulates diverse physiological effects, including cell proliferation, by binding to estrogen receptor α (ERα). ERα is both a transcription factor that drives E2-sensitive gene expression and an extra-nuclear localized receptor that triggers the activation of diverse kinase cascades. While E2 triggers cell proliferation, it also induces ERα degradation in a typical hormone-de...

Noninvasive fecal assays were used to study steroid metabolism and ovarian activity in several felid species. Using the domestic cat (Felis catus) as model, the excretory products of injected [14C]estradiol (E2) and [14C]progesterone (P4) were determined. Within 2 days, 97.0 +/- 0.6% and 96.7 +/- 0.5% of recovered E2 and P4 radioactivity, respectively, was found in feces. E2 was excreted as unc...

The magnitude of the HIV epidemic in women requires urgent efforts to find effective preventive methods. Even though sex hormones have been described to influence HIV infection in epidemiological studies and regulate different immune responses that may affect HIV infection, the direct role that female sex hormones play in altering the susceptibility of target cells to HIV-infection is largely u...

Sex dependency in pain perception is well documented and is thought to be attributable to the effect of reproductive hormones on nociceptive processing. In the present study, we evaluated whether estradiol alters gene transcription in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of ovariectomized rats (OVX). These experiments demonstrated a dramatic (40-fold) upregulation of prolactin (PRL) expression in TG by ...

Kisspeptin-Gpr54 signaling is critical for regulating the activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in mammals. Previous studies have shown that the negative feedback mechanism is disrupted in global Gpr54-null mutants. The present investigation aimed to determine (1) if a lack of cyclical estrogen exposure of the GnRH neuronal network in the life-long hypogonadotropic Gpr54-nul...

Abstract Unopposed estradiol and obesity are known risk factors for endometrial adenocarcinoma (EC). Endometrium from women with was found to have an increase in mutations relative tissue normal weight women, indicating DNA damage may be accelerated the setting of obesity. Since is associated high levels insulin anovulatory cycles, we sought mimic these conditions a mouse model. We previously t...