BACKGROUND Acute comitant esotropia secondary to heroin withdrawal is a rarely reported phenomenon that has never been described with nystagmus. Adverse effects of heroin on eye alignment were first reported in soldiers returning from Vietnam, yet no theory is generally accepted as the cause of these abnormalities. METHOD We present a case of a 22-year-old female who developed 40 prism diopte...

purpose: to study the prevalence and characteristics of accommodative esotropia (aet). methods: in a descriptive analytic study records of all patients referred from 1383 to 1388 to the strabismus clinic at nikookari eye center were reviewed and demographic data such as age, gender, refractive error, type of aet, mean deviation and amblyopia were analyzed. results: a total of 2,146 patients wer...

To describe the structural basis for lack of binocular fusion in strabismic primates, we investigated intrinsic horizontal connections within striate cortex (area V1) of normal and strabismic, adult macaque monkeys. The strabismic animals had early-onset natural esotropia (the visual axes deviated nasally), normal visual acuity in each eye, and the constellation of ocular motor deficits that ty...

PURPOSE Identification of risk factors for accommodative esotropia may help to determine which children with hyperopia may benefit from early spectacle correction or preventive therapy. METHODS Participants in the family history study were 95 consecutive patients, aged 18 to 60 months, with accommodative esotropia. Participants in the binocular sensory function study were a subgroup of 41 chi...

BACKGROUD To evaluate the manifestations of increased esodeviation under cycloplegia with 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine in children with hyperopia and esotropia. METHODS We reviewed the medical record of 34 children with hyperopia and esotropia who underwent a prism alternate cover test before and after instillation of mixed eye drops containing 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephri...

Dear Editor, Mirror-image twinning with inverse laterality happens in 10% to 15% of monozygotic twins and can be useful in establishing that twinning events have occurred after the cells of the embryonic plate began to lateralize, but before formation of the primitive streak [1]. Previous reports on ocular mirror image included cases with myopic anisometropia, infantile esotropia, infantile nys...

Caffey’s disease was characterized by a triad of symptoms, irritability, soft tissue swelling, and underlying cortical bone thickening. It mostly occurs before the first 5 months life in infancy. The knowledge this pathology essential as it masquerades wide range diseases including acute osteomyelitis, tumors, trauma, battered baby syndrome (child abuse), hypervitaminosis a, scurvy, infantile m...

Aim: To report the alignment, visual outcome and surgical strategy for severe bilateral congenital esotropia caused by a congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder (CCDD). This was successfully treated with a combination of interventions that included alternate occlusion, botulinum toxin, and conventional and augmented transposition procedures. Methods: A girl presented at 2 months of age with ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To report on the outcomes of treating children with a persistent esotropia with an injection of botulinum toxin in a medial rectus muscle. PATIENTS AND METHODS The medical records were reviewed of all children at one institution with a persistent esotropia after bilateral medial rectus recessions and bilateral lateral rectus resections then treated with a botulinum toxi...