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organizations particularly in project structure pay specialattention to the efficient management and make a lot of efforts to achievethis goal by reducing delay in projects. gas transmission zones are amongthose kinds of organizations whose main activities are considered to be inproject structure. thus the significance of project management and thepathology of delay that imposes exorbitant cost...

Neural network models have recently been applied to the task of automatic essay scoring, giving promising results. Existing work used recurrent neural networks and convolutional neural networks to model input essays, giving grades based on a single vector representation of the essay. On the other hand, the relative advantages of RNNs and CNNs have not been compared. In addition, different parts...

Essay scoring is a complicated processing requiring analyzing, summarizing and judging expertise. Traditional work on essay scoring focused on automatic handcrafted features, which are expensive yet sparse. Neural models offer a way to learn syntactic and semantic features automatically, which can potentially improve upon discrete features. In this paper, we employ convolutional neural network ...

Conventional Automated Essay Scoring (AES) measures may cause severe problems when directly applied in scoring Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) transcription as they are error sensitive and unsuitable for the characteristic of ASR transcription. Therefore, we introduce a framework of Finite State Transducer (FST) to avoid the shortcomings. Compared with the Latent Semantic Analysis with Suppo...

This study examined the construct validity of the e-rater automated essay scoring engine as an alternative to human scoring in the context of TOEFL essay writing. Analyses were based on a sample of students who repeated the TOEFL within a short time period. Two e-rater scores were investigated in this study, the first based on optimally predicting the human essay score and the second based on e...

Existing software systems for automated essay scoring can provide NLP researchers with opportunities to test certain theoretical hypotheses, including some derived from Centering Theory. In this study we employ the Educational Testing Service’s e-rater essay scoring system to examine whether local discourse coherence, as defined by a measure of Centering Theory’s Rough-Shift transitions, might ...

This study exploits statistical redundancy inherent in natural language to automatically predict scores for essays. We use a hybrid feature identification method, including syntactic structure analysis, rhetorical structure analysis, and topical analysis, to score essay responses from test-takers of the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) and the Test of Written English (TWE). For each e...