The research target for DNA hybridization through microfluidics is to achieve a fast and very sensitive hybridization reaction by investigating the effect of different pertinent parameters using computational method. The mathematical model that we developed couples mass transport of DNA from the bulk of the solution with the surface reaction kinetics for the heterogeneous DNA Hybridization reac...

A conformational pairing analysis was used to devise nucleobase analogs capable of forming nonselective and energetically favorable base pairs opposite either the purine or the pyrimidine constituents of nucleic acids. 5-methylisocytosine and isoguanine were conceived as a degenerate pyrimidine and a degenerate purine, respectively. Data from previous DNA duplex melting experiments verified tha...

Many researchers consider the use of different probes for hybridization assays as suitable for studying the genetic diversity of nitrogen fixing bacteria. In this study for asessing genetic diversity among Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolates, two different probes (sucA and topA) chosen from the chromosomal genome of Bradyrhizobium strain USDA 110 were designed, evaluated by DNAMAN software and im...

Doughnut shaped hybridization patterns on DNA microarrays are mainly allocated to spotting or drying artifacts. The present study reports on results obtained from four different approaches that when combined generate a better view on the occurrence of these patterns. This study points out that doughnuts are not only formed during the spotting and drying process, but the hybridization process it...

Estimating the frequency of hybridization is important to understand its evolutionary consequences and its effects on conservation efforts. In this study, we examined the extent of hybridization in two sister species of ducks that hybridize. We used mitochondrial control region sequences and 3589 double-digest restriction-associated DNA sequences (ddRADseq) to identify admixture between wild le...

e nature of divine eternality is obscure in both historical andmodern discussions. In a way its obscurity is no surprise, given that the nature of time is so mysterious. But the obscurity is still notable relative to the other traditional divine attributes, which are comparatively much better understood. Our perplexities regarding eternality are compounded, I will argue here, by a failure to re...

H ow do smalland medium-sized firms raise external equity capital? In this paper, I describe two markets that entrepreneurs of smalland medium-sized enterprises use in the United States to raise equity: the organized private equity market and the market for angel capital. Both markets are important sources of equity capital for smalland mediumsized firms. However, until recently, not much was k...

This article studies Sir Walter Scott’s use of the family-as-nation trope in Ivanhoe and Anne of Geierstein. The importance of this trope in his figuration of nationhood is discerned by carrying out a close reading of the texts and placing them in their historical context, which primarily consists of a comparison with Edmund Burke and Maria Edgeworth. Consequently, his position is revealed as b...

Dual-channel long oligonucleotide microarrays are in widespread use. Although much attention has been given to proper experimental design and analysis regarding long oligonucleotide microarrays, relatively little information is available concerning the optimization of protocols. We carried out a series of microarray experiments designed to investigate the effects of different levels of target c...

Periodontitis, a disease responsible for tooth loss worldwide, is characterized by chronic inflammation of the periodontium, eventually leading to destruction of periodontal ligaments and supporting alveolar bone. Spirochetes, identified by dark-field microscopy as being the most predominant bacteria in advanced lesions, are thought to play a causative role. Various spirochetal morphotypes were...