the crises sometimes cause a man(zawj) to become absent so that no news have been received from him. shiite and sunnite religions have two opinions about the situation of the wife(zawjah) of the continuously absent person: patience until his life or death becomes clear, and waiting four months and ten days(ieddeh of death) after waiting for a determined period. shiite jurists, in condition that...

in the world history, from ancient times up to now, the plague has been followed by heavy casualties on human societies and social order. one of the deadliest plagues is the great plague of the middle ages, or so-called black death. this plague, in the eighth and ninth ah (fourteenth and fifteenth century ad) swept over some large areas of asia, especially the middle east, as well as europe, an...