Muhammad Iqbal’s cultural, literary, and philosophical influence on the Indian subcontinent, especially his impact on the events that led to the birth of the state of Pakistan cannot be denied.  Prior to visiting Europe, Iqbāl had gained profound understanding of Islamic teachings.  While in Europe, he acquired deep knowledge of Western scholarship and was also exposed to Western philosophical ...

rational explanation of the doctrine of imamat (spiritual leadership of the shi`ites) is one of the most important and efficient instruments that can prepare the ground for extension and propagation of this view in all over the world. so, in this article i want to study one of the first rational explanation of this view in islamic world which proposed by al- farabi. in the world of islam, farab...

the western symbolism that characterized in france at the late nineteenth century invaded the arabic modern literature and had great effect on development of its forms and genres especially on the theater. actors arose in arab world take principles of symbolism in their productions among them ali oqla orsan who is truly master of writing, presenting and criticism of theater in syria. his symbol...

synonymy is one of the central topics in both modern and traditional linguistics. there have been different discussions around synonymy such as disagreement about its acceptance or denial, the rate of dynamicity, capability, and domain of application and the ways of applying it. the importance of synonymy arises when the relation between word and meaning forms as a consequence of users’ communi...

the principal problem in studying farabi’s political philosophy is working out the dilemma of his thought, which has adopted three sources: greek political philosophy, iranshahri (persian polis) pre-islamic political thoughts, and islamic courses; who doesn’t accommodate properly in orientalist’s trinary category: greek political philosophy/ fighi shari’at-name/ iranian siasat-name. this articl...