Capacitor-couple technique used to lower snapbacktrigger voltage and to ensure uniform ESD current distribution in deep-submicron CMOS on-chip ESD protection circuit is proposed. The coupling capacitor is realized by a poly layer right under the wire-bonding metal pad without increasing extra layout area to the pad. A timing-original design model has been derived to calculate the capacitor-coup...

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices can have an adverse effect on the performance of high frequency and RF circuits. This work presents for the first time, an s-parameter based analysis of the performance of RF circuits with various ESD protection designs. Additionally, a design methodology for distributed ESD protection using coplanar waveguides is developed to achieve a better im...

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices can have an adverse effect on the performance of high frequency and RF circuits. This work presents for the first time, an s-parameter based analysis of the performance of RF circuits with various ESD protection designs. Additionally, a design methodology for distributed ESD protection using coplanar waveguides is developed to achieve a better im...

This paper reports a design of a bonding pad oriented square-shape ESD (electrostatic discharge) protection structure. The novel ESD protection structure provides adequate protection for IC chips against ESD pulses in all directions. The structure features deep snapback symmetric characteristics, low discharging impedance, low holding voltage, and flexible triggering voltage. It passed 14KV HBM...

To effectively protect the cross-power-domain interface circuits from electrostatic discharge (ESD) damages, a PMOS-based local ESD clamp was proposed in this work. The test circuits of prior and proposed designs have been implemented in silicon chip. The proposed design has the small chip area, low leakage current, and low peak transient voltage; therefore, it can help to reduce the overstress...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of the pharyngeal region has not been well accepted, although ESD of the gastrointestinal tract is a standard procedure for treating early cancers. However, early detection and treatment of pharyngeal cancers is highly beneficial because surgical resection can be highly invasive and cause serious cosmetic deformities, swallowing d...

The integrated circuit (IC) industry has been using transmission-line pulse (TLP) testing to characterize on-chip electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection structures since 1985. This TLP ESD testing technique was introduced by Maloney and Khurana as a new electrical analysis tool to test the many single elements used as ESD protection structures. Since then, the technique has been shown to be m...

IntroductionA fine balance of image quality and radiation dose can be achieved by optimization to minimize stochastic and deterministic effects. This study aimed in ensuring that images of acceptable quality for common radiographic examinations in digital imaging were produced without causing harmful effects. Materials and MethodsThe study was conducted in three phases. The pre-optimization inv...

Concomitant gastric stromal tumor (GST) and gastric cancer (GC) is uncommon; even more uncommon is a concomitant GST and early stage GC (EGC). Tumor resection by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for concomitant GST and EGC has not been reported. We sought to define the clinical importance of detection of concomitant GST and EGC during the first esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), and compar...

AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for small rectal submucosal tumors (SMTs). METHODS Between August 2008 and March 2016, 39 patients were treated with endoscopic submucosal resection with a ligation device (ESMR-L) (n = 21) or ESD (n = 18) for small rectal SMTs in this study. Twenty-five lesions were confirmed by histological evaluation of endos...