AIM We sought to identify the relationship between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and error types on the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHOD The CDT was administered to 142 patients with AD. We used the Mendez scoring method. Their rCBF values were measured by single-photon emission computed tomography. The correlation between the CDT total score an...

We consider the problem of comparing sizes and shapes of objects when landmark data are prone to measurement error. We show that naive implementation of ordinary Procrustes analysis that ignores measurement error can compromise inference. To account for measurement error, we propose the conditional score method for matching configurations, which guarantees consistent inference under mild model ...

This article provides formulas for expected true-score measures and reliability of binary items as a function of their Rasch difficulty when the trait (ability) distribution is normal or logistic. The proposed formulas have theoretical value and can be useful in test development, score analysis, and simulation studies. Once the items are calibrated with the dichotomous Rasch model, one can esti...

Background: Smoking is considered to be risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The present study aimed to reveal whether quit smoking improves GERD symptoms and QOL of patients. Methods: In this prospective study, 33 patients who participated in a 12-week quit smoking program filled out the Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD (FSSG) questionnaire, and SF8 QOL questionnaire...

background:  clavicle fractures are common and usually heal without complications. in this study, we evaluated the outcomes of non-operative versus operative management of displaced fractures.   methods:  in a prospective clinical trial study, sixty-five patients with displaced clavicle mid-shaft fractures were nonrandomly divided in two treatment groups. the first group underwent non-operative...

The Likert scale is a psychometric commonly used for response measurement. This measurement includes techniques designing and administering surveys as well coding analyzing data. However, scaling has various limitations that can affect the resulting study aims to reprove number of dimensions SATS-36 instrument, prove validity, estimate reliability statistical attitude instrument (SATS-36) on st...