In this paper, the effect of ocean-land mixed propagation path on the lightning performance of grounding rods is investigated. This effect is focused on two problems. The first is extracting exact equivalent circuit of grounding rods in the presence of oceans. The equivalent circuit can be used in transient analysis of power systems in the neighboring oceans. In the second one, this effect on t...

This paper presents a numerical model of gate turn-off thyristors (GTO’s). The new concept of a controlledswitch realized by a controlled-current source is first introduced. Using this basic model, an equivalent circuit of the GTO is given. According to the characteristics of GTO given by manufacturers, the equations connected with all the parameters of the equivalent circuit are deduced. All o...

in this paper, intelligent water drop algorithm (iwd) is used to analyze single overhead line connected to grid-grounded arrester. in this approach, at first norton’s equivalent circuit of the overhead line over lossy soil is computed by method of moments (mom) and then for the problem under consideration, a nonlinear equivalent circuit in the frequency domain is proposed. finally applying inte...

Batteries are complex systems involving spatially distributed microscopic mechanisms on different time scales whose adequate interplay is essential to ensure a desired functioning. Describing these phenomena yields nonlinearly coupled partial differential equations numerical solution requires considerable effort and computation time, making it an infeasible for real-time applications. Anyway, h...

For low-voltage, low-power circuit design, the linear model for operational amplifiers is insufficient to accurately predict the static and dynamic behavior of the circuit. This paper introduces a nonlinear model for operational amplifiers based on amplifiers’ DC transfer characteristic. By using this nonlinear model, the behavior of an operational amplifier with feedback network can be describ...

As solar energy costs continue to drop, the number of large-scale deployment projects increases, and the need for different analysis models for photovoltaic (PV) modules in both academia and industry rises. This paper proposes a modified equivalent-circuit model for PV modules. A PV module comprises several series-connected PV cells, to generate more electrical power, where each PV cell has an ...

Equivalent circuit models (ECMs) have been widely used to describe the electrical dynamics of lithium-ion batteries. A high model accuracy is important for effective simulation and control battery system. The depends on design experiment (DoE) method test optimisation approach ECM parameter identification. While many approaches proposed in literature identify parameters, effect DoE usually over...

In this paper, Intelligent water drop algorithm (IWD) is used to analyze single overhead line connected to grid-grounded arrester. In this approach, at first Norton’s equivalent circuit of the overhead line over lossy soil is computed by method of moments (MoM) and then for the problem under consideration, a nonlinear equivalent circuit in the frequency domain is proposed. Finally applying inte...