Background: This study consists of two parts. The first part deals with both qualitative and quantitative analysis of 226Ra using alpha spectrometry measurement method. In the second part, the percentage of radioactive equilibrium between 226 Ra and its daughter products were determined by alpha spectrometry and total alpha measurement system after elapsed time of 15 days from precipitation. Ma...

Efficient techniques for computing axisymmetric non-neutral plasma equilibria are described. These equilibria may be obtained either by requiring global thermal equilibrium, by specifying the midplane radial density profile, or by specifying the radial profile of sn dz. Both splines and finite-differences are used, and the accuracy of the two is compared by using a new characterization of the t...

We develop an equilibrium-econometric analysis in the context of rental housing markets with indivisibilities. The theory provides some bridge between a (competitive) market equilibrium theory and a statistical/econometric analysis. First, we develop this theory: The listing service of apartments, which we call the housing magazine, provides the information to both households (and landlords) an...

Even though support vector clustering (SVC) is able to handle arbitrary cluster shapes effectively, its popularity is frequently degraded by highly intensive time complexity, poor label performance and even instability for efficiency. To overcome such problems, a fast and stable cluster labeling (FSCL) method is proposed. Based on stable equilibrium points, the FSCL first finds an appropriate d...

Under the assumption of complete rationality, Nash equilibrium is the only reasonable strategy set of the finitely repeated prisoner's dilemma. In fact, some strategies only slightly deviate from the so‐called rationality, and the corresponding payoff may much better than that of Nash equilibrium. This article points out, even under the rational assumptions, the players have reason to seek a mu...

The thermal equilibria along a symmetric coronal loop with constant cross-sectional area is investigated in the absence of gravity. A coronal heating function that depends on distance along the loop is considered and the eeects of varying the values of the parameters involved in the governing equations are studied. It is found that there is a critical decay length of the heating below which a h...

We analyze equilibrium leverage dynamics in a dynamic tradeoff model when the firm is unable to commit to a leverage policy ex ante. We develop a methodology to characterize equilibrium equity and debt prices in a general jump-diffusion framework, and apply our approach to the standard Leland (1998) setting. Absent commitment, the leverage ratchet effect (Admati et al. 2015) causes firms to tak...

This paper studies a competitive Hotelling-style market with two symmetric banks that decide the pricing and location of their automated teller machines (ATMs). Two different systems are considered in this paper: an unregulated model wherein banks are allowed to set surcharges, and a regulated model in which surcharges are banned. We derive equilibrium outcomes and compare them in the two syste...

A regulated upstream monopolist supplies an essential input to firms in a downstream market. Non-price discrimination or sabotage becomes a concern when the upstream monopolist vertically integrates downstream. This article develops a simulation algorithm to determine the likelihood that discrimination will arise in equilibrium using data from the US long-distance market. Based on 1000 random d...

In this paper, we deal with a planar location-price game where firms first select their locations and then set delivered prices in order to maximize their profits. If firms set the equilibrium prices in the second stage, the game is reduced to a location game for which pure strategy Nash equilibria are studied assuming that the marginal delivered cost is proportional to the distance between the...