The solubility of KNO3 in the mixed solvent (water 85%+methanol 15%) were determined by using solvent evaporating method at different temperatures (25, 30, 40, 50, 60 ;C). In addition the equilibrium constant of ion pair formation, KIP, for K+NO3 – ion-pair on the basis of Fuoss contact ion pair model was calculated. Upon choosing the extended Debye-Hückel model for estimating the mean activity...

In order to investigate the effect of linearized process on the adsorption equilibrium isotherms of methylene blue from solutions onto rice husk, the experimental data were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm equations by using five different types of linear expression. The adsorption equilibrium constant related to the affinity of the binding sites and energy of adsorption (KL ) and maximum adsorp...

It is known that Nash equilibria and approximate Nash equilibria not necessarily optimize social optima of bimatrix games. In this paper, we show that for every fixed ε > 0, every bimatrix game (with values in [0, 1]) has an ε-approximate Nash equilibrium with the total payoff of the players at least a constant factor, (1 − √ 1− ε), of the optimum. Furthermore, our result can be made algorithmi...

The influence of change of temperature on the carbonic acidbase-protein equilibrium in blood or serum involves three factors: (1) Change in solubility of CO2 in serum or blood. (2) Change in the equilibrium constants of the buffer systems in the blood. (3) Change in the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of water. The fact that the solubility of CO2 changes with temperature has naturally...

N-Substituted aminomethylphenol (Mannich base) and 3,4-dihydro-2H-3-substituted 1,3-benzoxazine (benzoxazine) were synthesized from substituted phenol (p-cresol, phenol, p-chlorophenol), substituted aniline (p-toluidine, aniline, p-chloroaniline) and formaldehyde to study influence of substituent on equilibrium of benzoxazine synthesis from Mannich base and formaldehyde. (1)H-NMR and charges of...

In the previous communication (l), it was shown that the free energy of the bivalent fumarate ion at 25” is -144,630 calories. In the present communication the measurement of the equilibrium at 25” between fumaric acid and malic acid in the presence of fumarase is reported, and from the values obtained computations are made of the free energy and heat of formation of the bivalent I-malate ion a...

Receptor dimerization is important for many signaling pathways. However, the monomer-dimer equilibrium has never been fully characterized for any receptor with a 2D equilibrium constant as well as association/dissociation rate constants (termed super-quantification). Here, we determined the dynamic equilibrium for the N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR), a chemoattractant G protein-coupled receptor...

Evolution of non-equilibrium systems towards equilibrium is governed by the second law of thermodynamics. For example, in the previous section we showed that for an adiabatically isolated system entropy must increase in any spontaneous change and reaches a maximum in equilibrium. What about out of equilibrium systems that are not adiabatically isolated and which may also be subject to external ...