What is not so obvious is that the health of the poor is harmed in proportion to the size of the gap between rich and poor. It isn't the absolute level of poverty that matters so much as the size of the gap between rich and poor. In other words, "...what matters in determining mortality and health in a society is less the overall wealth of that society and more how evenly wealth is distributed....

Jiawen Deng 1,2, Juan D. Jaramillo 2, Peter Hänggi 2,3,4,5 and Jiangbin Gong 1,2,* ID 1 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, Singapore 117597, Singapore; [email protected] 2 Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore; [email protected] (J.D.J.); [email protected] (P.H.) 3 Center for Quantum Technologies, National Un...

Positivity reduces substantially the allowed domain for spin observables. We briefly recall some methods used to determine these domains and give some typical examples for exclusive and inclusive spin-dependent reactions.

We exhibit some new techniques to study volumes of tubes about algebraic varieties in complex projective spaces. We prove the existence of relations between volumes and Intersection Theory in the presence of singularities. In particular, we can exhibit an average Bézout Equality for equi–dimensional varieties. We also state an upper bound for the volume of a tube about a projective variety. As ...

using cross-provinces and panel regressions, this paper investigates the interrelationship between gender equality and fertility in iran for the period 2007-2012. the article attempts to explain the low fertility rate in iran by distinguishing between two types of gender equity, i.e. gender equity in individual-oriented institutions and gender equity in family-oriented institutions. for this pu...

The CST conceptual framework is a set theoretical approach to constructive mathematics initiated by Myhill in [Myh75]. It has been given a philosophical foundation via formal interpretations into versions of Martin-Löf’s Intuitionistic Type Theory, [GA06, Acz86, Acz82, Acz78]. There are several axiom systems for Constructive Set Theory of varying logical strength. Perhaps the most familiar ones...

Subtyping in the presence of recursive types for the calculus was studied by Amadio and Cardelli in In that paper they showed that the problem of deciding whether one recursive type is a subtype of another is decidable in exponential time In this paper we give an O n algorithm Our algorithm is based on a simpli cation of the de nition of the subtype relation which allows us to reduce the proble...