This review examines the association between the apolipoprotein (apo) var epsilon gene polymorphism (or its protein product (apo E)), metabolic regulation of cholesterol, and cardiovascular disease. The apo var epsilon gene is located at chromosome 19q13.2. Among the variants of this gene, alleles (*) epsilon2, (*) epsilon3, and (*) epsilon4 constitute the common polymorphism found in most popu...

fusion of two genes at dna level produces a single protein, known as a chimeric protein. immunotoxins are chimeric proteins composed of specific cell targeting and cell killing moieties. bacterial or plant toxins are commonly used as the killing moieties of the chimeric immunotoxins. in this investigation, the catalytic domain of shiga-like toxin (a1) was fused to human granulocyte macrophage c...

the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of enterotoxigenic and enteroaggregative strains ofescherichia coli in chicken carcasses by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). in this study 63 strains of e. coliwere isolated from 110 samples of chicken carcasses during processing after chilling in the poultry slaughterhouse of shahrekord. polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect t...

Background: The skin of patients with atopic dermatitis has a high susceptibility to staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization known to produce toxins with super antigen (SAgs) activity which are a family of potent immune-stimulatory exotoxins and may aggravate AD. The aim of this research was to evaluate the ro...

Toxins are hazardous biochemical compounds derived from bacteria, fungi, or plants. Some have mechanisms of action and physical properties that make them amenable for use as potential warfare agents. Currently, some toxins are classified as potential biological weapons, although they have several differences from classic living bio-terror pathogens and some similarities to manmade chemical warf...

A putative type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system was found in the clinical isolate Mycobacterium sp. MHSD3, a strain closely related to Mycobacterium chelonae. Further analyses of the protein sequences of the two genes revealed the presence of domains related to a TA system. BLAST analyses indicated the presence of closely related proteins in the genomes of other recently published M. chelonae st...

Transgenic mice carrying and expressing the human CD3 epsilon gene incorporate the corresponding protein product into T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complexes on thymocyte and T cell surfaces. The chimeric antigen receptors allow normal T cell development and selection of repertoires in vivo and are able to transduce activation signals in vitro. We have exploited the ability to distinguish mouse (m)...

Staphylococcus aureus is a major causative pathogen of clinical and subclinical mastitis of dairy domestic ruminants. This agent produces a variety of extracellular toxins and virulence factors including Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) which is the major cause of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS). In this study 58 S. aureus isolates obtained from 9 dairy herds in East and West Azerbaijan provinc...

ApoE phenotypes were determined in 615 unrelated Finnish individuals. The apoE gene frequencies observed (epsilon 2, 0.041; epsilon 3, 0.733; epsilon 4, 0.227) differ significantly from those in other populations. The frequency of the allele epsilon 2 was lower and that of epsilon 4 higher than in all other studied populations. Plasma lipids and apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and B were recorded in ...