OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to present and discuss the psychiatric diagnoses of patients who presented psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) during video-electroencephalographic monitoring (VEEG). METHODS Out of 98 patients, a total of 28 patients presented PNES during the diagnostic procedure. In those cases in which the PNES that occurred during VEEG were validated by clinical history (cl...

In rat models of absence epilepsy, epileptic spike-wave discharges appeared in EEG spontaneously, and the incidence of epileptic activity increases with age. Spike-wave discharges and sleep spindles are known to share common thalamo-cortical mechanism, suggesting that absence seizures might affect some intrinsic properties of sleep spindles. This paper examines time-frequency EEG characteristic...

The availability of zebrafish larvae model of epileptic seizure provides opportunities to identify novel anticonvulsants for treatment of people with epilepsy. However, the major parameters of zebrafish behavior assay for assessing anti-epileptic drug efficacy existed disparity, which resulted in different results in previous studies. In this study, we chose the high, medium, slow-speed moved d...

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by seizure and loss of neuronal cells by abnormal rhythmic firing of neurons in the brain. In the present study, we investigated the effect of treadmill exercise on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neuronal loss in relation with neuronal activation using pilocarpine-induced epileptic rats. The rats were divided into four groups: contro...

INTRODUCTION Status epilepticus (SE) is frequently observed in epileptic patients. We reviewed a series of video-EEG documented SE to define the characteristics of SE in this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective evaluation of 50 epileptic patients with SE, revision of the electro-clinical data and therapies, and definition of the semeiological subtypes, aetiology, outcome and relat...

BACKGROUND The multiple drug resistance protein (MDR1/P-glycoprotein) is overexpressed in glia and blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelium in drug refractory human epileptic tissue. Since various antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can act as substrates for MDR1, the enhanced expression/function of this protein may increase their active extrusion from the brain, resulting in decreased responsiveness to AE...

The epileptic mechanism is postulated as that an animal’s neurons gradually diminish their inhibition function coupled with enhanced excitation when an epileptic event is approaching. Calcium imaging technique is designed to directly record brain-wide neurons activity in order to discover the underlying epileptic mechanism. In this paper, using one brain-wide calcium imaging video of Zebrafish,...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical and neurophysiological characteristics of epileptic negative myoclonus as the first and only ictal symptom of benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. METHODS Electrophysiological evaluations included polygraphic recordings with simultaneous video electroencephalogram monitoring and tests performed with patient's upper limb outstretched in standing pos...

The prevalence of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures is difficult to estimate. We propose an estimate based on a calculation. We used the following data, which are known or have been estimated, and are generally accepted. A prevalence of epilepsy of 0.5-1%; a proportion of intractable epilepsy of 20-30%; a percentage of these referred to epilepsy centers of 20-50%; and a percentage of patients ...

INTRODUCTION Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are the most common manifestation of functional (psychogenic) neurological symptoms. Clinically, they consist of intermittent episodes that resemble epileptic seizures and can involve changes in behaviour, movement, sensation, autonomic function or consciousness. To date, there are no positive EEG features that have been identified that are...