Fungicides belong to a group of pesticides which inhibited fungal growth either causing damage to the cells or preventing the fungal development. As pesticides, they offer great economic and social benefits through the protection and preservation of materials, food and the prevention of diseases. Since pesticides are designed specifically to fight harmful or even dangerous life forms and theref...

AT THE END OF THIS MONTH, THE ANTARCTIC TREATY SUMMIT IN WASHINGTON, DC, WILL CELEBRATE the 50th anniversary of an international agreement that has been centered around science, promoting cooperation to manage nearly 10% of Earth for peaceful purposes since 1 December 1959 (see www.atsummit50.aq). As the world moves toward negotiating effective policies related to climate change, lessons from t...

MF radar wind measurements in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere over Poker Flat, Alaska (65.1 N, 147.5 W) are used to study the features of mean winds and solar tides. Continuous observation with the newly installed radar is in progress and in the present study we have analyzed a database of the first 27 months (October 1998–December 2000) of observation. The observed mean wind climatology ...

abstract in current study, an irrigation examination and acquisition of environmental water in kor-river fields, that is dominated from doroudzan dam to bakhtegan lake, was done by an integrated economy-environmental model. the model was considered by economic, hydrologic and agronomic components. in the economic component, an optimal harvesting of water was done using non-linear programming in...

This article provides a critical appraisal of the concept of sustainable development in light of climate change. As the latest climate change science indicates strong effects of anthropogenic activity on global warming, we review the pros and the cons of prioritizing development over environmental protection. The methodology used consists in critically discussing the arguments of scientists and...

Sulfur isotopes in ancient sediments provide a record of past environmental conditions. The long-time-scale variability and apparent asymmetry in the magnitude of minor sulfur isotope fractionation in Archean sediments remain unexplained. Using an integrated biogeochemical model of the Archean sulfur cycle, we find that the preservation of mass-independent sulfur is influenced by a variety of e...

Testate amoebae analysis has been shown to be a valuable technique to reconstruct peatland palaeohydrology and thereby past climate change. However there is cause for concern over the potential impact of differential preservation on the record. To investigate the impact of various environmental factors a sequence of Sphagnum samples were subjected to treatment with weak acid, nutrient enrichmen...

This paper presents the initial results of the ENSURE (Enabling kNowledge Sustainability, Usability and Recovery for Economic value) project, which focuses on the challenges associated with the long-term preservation of data produced by organisations in the health care, clinical trials and financial sectors. In particular the project has looked at the economic implications of long-term preserva...

[1] Sensitivity studies with physically based numerical air–snow–firn transfer models for formaldehyde (HCHO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) show that even though nonlinear processes determine the preservation of HCHO and H2O2 in snow and firn, changes in atmospheric mixing ratios are linearly recorded in ice cores under otherwise constant environmental conditions. However, temperature, snowpack ...