This paper analyses how central‐local relations shape environmental enforcement in China. It does so by seeking to understand how existing decentralized structures as well as recent trends towards centralization relate to temporal and geographical variation in enforcement since 1999‐2011. The paper finds that enforcement over time has become stricter and more frequent, however without yet match...

This paper presents a behaviorologist' s analytical review of the improper treatment to which defendants might be subjected as they pass through the various levels of the criminal justice system. Examples extracted from actual cases are presented throughout the article.' It examines the contingencies that control those abuses, and describes the effects on the behavior of defendants and official...

This paper argues that rectificatory justice should supplement distributive justice in allocating priority of access to scarce medical resources. Where a patient is at fault for the scarcity of healthy organs a principle of restitution requires that she should give priority to the faultless. Such restitution is non-punitive, and is akin to reparation in civil law, not criminal law. However, it ...

This paper reviews the current instruments in Colombian legislation for water management, including planning, economic and administrative instruments. In particular, it reviews theWatershedManagement andOrdering Plans, administrative permits for water use and pollution, as well as water use and water pollution charges. It analyzes how they could interact and be implemented in order to undertake...

Industry practices in environmentaly sustainable manufacturing have emerged in various ways in different regions around the world. Depending on local environmental requirements companies have adopted practices with different priorities and different intensity. An industry survey in three regions of the world was conducted with the aim to find out what the current trends and differences of indus...

How did we get environmental law? The major theories of politics seem unable to explain this dramatic development in American law. Public choice theory predicts that special interest groups will systematically out-organize the general public and that general interest legislation will fail to overcome special interest opposition. Yet the emergence of environmental law appears to contradict the p...

European legislation calls for a well-planned sustainable development. As such, it has to in‐ clude a social, economic as well as an environmental dimension. According to Agenda 21 (http://www.un.org/esa/dsd/agenda21/), countries should undertake efforts to build up a comprehensive national inventory of their land resources in order to establish land informa‐ tion systems. The overall objective...