Potassium movement across the limiting membrane of the chloroplast inner envelope is known to be linked to counterex-change of protons. For this reason, K(+) efflux is known to facilitate stromal acidification and the resultant photosynthetic inhibition. However, the specific nature of the chloroplast envelope proteins that facilitate K(+) fluxes, and the biophysical mechanism which links these...

The microtubules on the outside of the nucleus of the mature spermatozoid of Pteridium form a complex with the envelope, and the perinuclear space is eliminated. These dissimilar components are held firmly together, possibly by hydrophobic bonding. The outer part of the chromatin is also attached to the inner boundary of the envelope, and pulls away when the envelope is detached.

We present a method for dehazing images. A dark envelope image is derived with the bilateral minimum filter and a bright envelope is derived with the bilateral maximum filter. The ambient light and transmission of the scene are estimated from these two envelope images. An image without haze is reconstructed from the estimated ambient light and transmission.

The role of recombination during a common-envelope event has been long debated. Many studies have argued that much hydrogen energy, which is radiated in relatively cool and optically-thin layers, might not thermalise the envelope. On other hand, helium contains 30% total occurs deeper stellar We investigate distinct roles played by interaction experienced 12 solar mass red supergiant donor. per...

It was previously reported that truncation or proteolytic removal of the C-terminal 16 amino acids (the R peptide) from the cytoplasmic tail of the murine leukemia virus (MuLV) envelope protein greatly increases its fusion activity. In this study, to investigate the specificity of the effect of the R peptide on the fusion activity of viral envelope proteins, we expressed simian immunodeficiency...

Honey bees, as social insects, rely on collective behavioral defenses that produce a colony-level immune phenotype, or social immunity, which in turn impacts the immune response of individuals. One behavioral defense is the collection and deposition of antimicrobial plant resins, or propolis, in the nest. We tested the effect of a naturally constructed propolis envelope within standard beekeepi...

We consider the polarization arising from scattering in an envelope illuminated by a central anisotropic source. This work extends the theory introduced in a previous paper (Al-Malki et al. 1999) in which scattering polarization from a spherically symmetric envelope illuminated by an anisotropic point source was considered. Here we generalize to account for the more realistic expectation of a n...

As a result of climate change, many populations have to modify their range to follow the suitable areas their “climate envelope” often risking extinction. During this migration process, they may face absolute boundaries to dispersal, because of external environmental factors. Consequently, not only the position, but also the shape of the climate envelope can be modified. We use a reaction-diffu...

SL3-2 is a polytropic murine leukemia virus with a limited species tropism. We cloned the envelope gene of this virus, inserted it into a bicistronic vector, and found that the envelope protein differs from other, similar envelope proteins that also utilize the polytropic receptor (Xpr1) in that it is severely impaired in mediating infection of human and mink cells. We found that two adjacent a...

Acyl-CoA, UDP-Galactose, Envelope, Impermeability, Lipid Transport De «ovo-synthesis of glycerolipids in chloroplasts is initiated by a stroma enzyme which catalyzes the formation of lyso-phosphatidic acid from glycerophosphate and acyl-CoA. When these substrates are added to isolated, intact chloroplasts, only glycerophosphate can readily pass through the chloroplast envelope which represents ...