Peripheral diabeticneuropathy (PDN) is one of the major complications arising in patients with diabetes.A triad of metabolic abnormalities is known that render the peripheral nerve in diabetes mellitus susceptible to chronic compression: conversion of glucose to sorbitol increases the intraneural water content, slowing of axoplasmic transport of proteins hinders structural repair, glycosylation...

INTRODUCTION EPIDEMIOLOGY PERIPHERAL NERVE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF NERVE INJURIES END ORGAN CHANGES FOLLOWING DENERVATION MECHANISMS OF NERVE INJURY ELECTRODIAGNOSIS OF PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURIES REHABILITATIVE MANAGEMENT OF PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURIES CAUSALGIA (COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME, TYPE-II) UPPER EXTREMITY NERVE INJURIES AND ENTRAPMENT SYNDROMES NERVE INJURIES AND EN...

Recognition of horses at risk for certain colics can lead to more specific diagnosis and treatment. Cribbing behavior increases the risk for entrapment of small intestine in the epiploic foramen. Therefore, epiploic foramen entrapment should be suspected to be a possible cause of surgical colic in a horse with this vice.

BACKGROUND There is a burgeoning literature examining perceptions of being defeated or trapped in different psychiatric disorders. The disorders most frequently examined to date are depression, anxiety problems, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidality. AIMS To quantify the size and consistency of perceptions of defeat and entrapment in depression, anxiety problems, PTSD and suic...

Functional popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) is an important and possibly underrecognized cause of exertional leg pain (ELP). As it is poorly understood, it is at risk of misdiagnosis and mismanagement. The features indicative of PAES are outlined, as it can share features with other causes of ELP. Investigating functional PAES is also fraught with potential problems and if it is perf...

Defeat and entrapment are psychological constructs that have played a central role in evolutionary accounts of depression. These concepts have since been implicated in theoretical accounts of anxiety disorders and suicidality. The current article reports on a systematic review of the existing research investigating the links among defeat, entrapment, and psychopathology in the domains of depres...

Evolutionary theory and cross-species comparisons are explored to shed new insights into behavioural responses to traumatic entrapment, examining their relationships to the Stockholm syndrome (a specific response to traumatic entrapment) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A selective literature review is undertaken examining responses to traumatic entrapment (including hostage, ...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to formulate a phytosome lotion from Mangkokan leaf using green solvent extraction. Methods: Ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, combined with microwave-assisted extraction, used obtain flavonoid compounds. extract formulated into three different ratios phospholipon (1:0.5), (1:1), and (1:2). Three formulas were analyzed identify...

Intra-articular entrapment of the median nerve following reduction of a pediatric posterior elbow dislocation is a rare complication but has been reported in the literature.This article describes a case of a 7-year-old girl who sustained a posterior elbow dislocation associated with a medial epicondyle fracture and the subsequent intraosseous entrapment of her median nerve. The entrapment is be...

Median nerve entrapment with forearm fracture is rare, and surgical exploration in the early stage is rarely performed. We report the case of a 19-year-old man presenting with severe pain and numbness of the thumb, index, and middle fingers and half of the ring finger along with weakness of abduction and opposition of the thumb after fracture of the radial shaft. These symptoms remained unimpro...