There is a growing global interest in low/zero carbon buildings in response to the increased CO2 in the atmosphere, nearly half of which comes from building energy consumption. Buildings are built for a considerably longer lifespan and enhancing energy efficiency in buildings can play a significant role in reducing CO2 emissions. Energy efficiency features need to be incorporated at the earlies...

Multi-energy systems can integrate heat and electrical energy efficiently, using resources such as cogeneration. In order to meet energy demand cost-effectively in a multi-energy system, adopting appropriate energy resources at the right time is of great importance. In this paper, we propose an expansion planning method for a multi-energy system that supplies heat and electrical energy. The pro...

In the face of the broad political call for an ―energy turnaround‖, we are currently witnessing three essential trends with regard to energy infrastructure planning, energy generation and storage: from planned production towards fluctuating production on the basis of renewable energy sources, from centralized generation towards decentralized generation and from expensive energy carriers towards...

nowadays energy has significant role in socio economic development of counties; any decision on energy sector may affect the broad area in societies. system approach in energy modeling as an efficient method is known by many researchers in management and planning in a country particularly in energy sector. also system dynamics is one of the efficient methods, for reason unique ability at solvin...

Determination and comparison of the energy efficiency over all planning levels is one of the key challenges for small and mediums sized enterprises (SME). This is because there is a lack of transparency and information to identify the major energy consumers on plant level as well as on production and machine level. Therefore, there is a need to develop a holistic energy efficiency model which i...