INTRODUCTION Increased intramucosal-arterial carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) difference (DeltaPCO2) is common in experimental endotoxemia. However, its meaning remains controversial because it has been ascribed to hypoperfusion of intestinal villi or to cytopathic hypoxia. Our hypothesis was that increased blood flow could prevent the increase in DeltaPCO2. METHODS In 19 anesthetized and mechan...

BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), known as the third endogenous gaseous transmitter, has received increasing attention because of its diverse effects, including angiogenesis, vascular relaxation and myocardial protection.We aimed to investigate the role of H2S in oxidative/nitrative stress and inflammation in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by endotoxemia. METHODS Male ICR mice were divided ...

BACKGROUND The MAPK-organizer 1 (MORG1) play a scaffold function in the MAPK and/or the PHD3 signalling paths. Recently, we reported that MORG1+/- mice are protected from renal injury induced by systemic hypoxia and acute renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via increased hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Here, we explore whether MORG1 heterozygosity could attenuate renal injury in a murine model ...

Thromboxane (Tx) A2 has been suggested to be involved in the development of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Therefore, we investigated the impact of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 activity on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal TxA2 formation, and on endotoxemia-induced AKI in mice. Injection of LPS (3 mg/kg ip) decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the amount of thrombo...

Infections and inflammatory conditions during pregnancy can dysregulate neural development and increase the risk for developing autism and schizophrenia. The following research utilized a nonhuman primate model to investigate the potential impact of a mild endotoxemia during pregnancy on brain maturation and behavioral reactivity as well as the infants' hormone and immune physiology. Nine pregn...

Endotoxemia promotes adhesive interactions between platelets and microvascular endothelium in vivo. We sought to determine whether endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) modified platelet thrombus formation in mouse cremaster venules and whether Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and neutrophils were involved in the response. Intravital videomicroscopy was performed in the cremaster microcirculation of p...

Because thrombin has been implicated in sepsis, it has been proposed that antithrombin III (AT III) is beneficial due to its anticoagulatory and antiadhesive effects. Using intravital microscopy, we visualized leukocyte-endothelium interactions in postcapillary venules of the feline mesentery exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). At a concentration of AT III that blocks leukocyte adhesion in pos...

To reveal the key molecular mechanisms of Chaiqinchengqi decoction (CQCQD) in alleviating the pulmonary albumin leakage caused by endotoxemia in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) rats. Rats models of SAP endotoxemia-induced acute lung injury were established, the studies in vivo provided the important evidences that the therapy of CQCQD significantly ameliorated the increases in plasma levels of ...

To determine the effect of a physiologically relevant elevation in the plasma concentrations of epinephrine on the activation of the hemostatic mechanism during endotoxemia, 17 healthy men were studied after intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2 ng/kg), while receiving a continuous infusion of epinephrine (30 ng/kg/min) started either 3 h (n = 5) or 24 h (n = 6) before LPS injecti...

We reported recently that an upregulation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), where sympathetic premotor neurons are located, is a crucial determinant for the elicitation of cardiovascular depression during experimental endotoxemia. The current study evaluated the hypothesis that a downregulation of the molecular synthesis and functional ex...