Many guidelines for the management of antithrombotic therapy in endoscopic procedures state that warfarin should be replaced by heparin in high risk endoscopic procedures. However, heparin bridging therapy is costly, requires a long hospital stay, and is indicated as a risk factor for bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). It is not yet clear whether it is better to perform gast...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Injury to the internal carotid artery is a feared complication of endoscopic endonasal surgery of the skull base. Such an event, although rare, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Even if bleeding is controlled, permanent neurological defects frequently persist. Many techniques have been developed to manage internal carotid artery rupture with varying degrees ...

Removal of an impacted superior third molar is usually a simple and uncomplicated procedure for an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon. Nevertheless, complications are possible and include infection, facial swallowing, trismus, wound dehiscence, root fracture or even orosinusal fistula. Iatrogenic displacement into the infratemporal fossa is frequently mentioned but rarely reported. This anatomical ...

BACKGROUND Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy has been accepted as the most effective treatment for palmar hyperhidrosis (PH). However, there is a debate regarding the surgical techniques in terms of effectiveness, recurrence, and reversibility. In this study, sympathetic chain disruptions were compared in terms of whether the clipping or ablation technique had an effect on the long-term outcome...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether allogenic muscle-derived cells (MDCs) could restore sphincter function in rats with intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD). ISD denotes a malfunction of the urethral sphincter. METHODS ISD was produced in 25 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats by cauterizing tissues lateral to the mid-urethra. One week after cauterization, 1.5 x 10(6) MDCs, genetically engineered fo...

OBJECTIVE Endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization (ETV/CPC) offers an alternative to shunt treatment for infantile hydrocephalus. Diagnosing treatment failure is dependent on infantile hydrocephalus metrics, including head circumference, fontanel quality, and ventricle size. However, it is not clear to what degree these metrics should be expected to change after ETV/C...