we present a case of caustic ingestion by a 1.5-year-old boy. the caustic agent was drain opener which is a strong alkaline substance. children in iran and many other countries are still exposed to not “child proof” (child resistant packaging) toxic substance containers. ingestion of caustic agents may lead to necrosis, perforation, and strictures. substances that are ingested more frequently a...

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp) is a specific technique used to study the pancreatobiliary system that is performed in hepatogastroenterology centers. recent, common uses for therapeutic ercp are largely due to advanced imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endosonography. in the united states alone, over 500,000 therapeutic ercp are pe...

aim : the aim of this study was to analyze clinical findings and treatment outcomes of patients with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography complications. background : endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography has become a very common procedure for the evaluation and treatment of biliary and pancreatic diseases. patients and methods : a retrospective review of 2447 endoscopic retro...

rice is one of the most important staple cereals‏ ‏in iran and has a main role in providing ‎the food ‎security. harvesting by hand postpone the rice harvesting stage, and facing late season ‎rainfall, and increase of yield losses during harvesting. to determine the most suitable ‎harvesting method in gilan, three different harvesting methods (by hand, harvester and ‎combine) were considered as...

Lawrence J. Dacey, MD; John H. Braxton, Jr, MD; Robert S. Kramer, MD; Joseph D. Schmoker, MD; David C. Charlesworth, MD; Robert E. Helm, MD; Carmine Frumiento, MD; Gerald L. Sardella, MD; Robert A. Clough, MD; Stephan R. Jones, PA-C; David J. Malenka, MD; Elaine M. Olmstead, BA; Cathy S. Ross, MS; Gerald T. O’Connor, DSc, PhD; Donald S. Likosky, PhD; for the Northern New England Cardiovascular ...

inverted papillomas of the nose and paranasal sinuses are uncommon neoplasms, characterized by their tendency to occur and by their association with malignancy. in the past decade there has been a trend toward the use of endoscopic surgical techniques in the management of these tumors. this article presents the results of a prospective study of24 patients with inverted papilloma resected by the...

the main purpose of this study is measuring and comparing of peanut harvesting loss in manual and mechanical methods in addition to economic analysis of them. hence, a field was selected in astaneh-ashrafiyeh and divided to three different plots. two plots were applied to measure mechanical harvesting loss and third one was applied for manual harvesting loss. according to test results, the lowe...

introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate audiological outcomes following adenoidectomy by the classical method and by endoscopically-assisted adenoidectomy using a powered instrument (microdebrider).   materials and methods: this study was conducted in a tertiary care center. it included 40 patients divided into two equal groups of 20 each. group-a patients underwent classical adenoi...