Endocrine disrupting chemicals that are structurally similar to steroid or amine hormones have the potential to mimic endocrine endpoints at the receptor level. However, more recently, epigenetic-induced alteration in gene expression has emerged as an alternative way in which environmental compounds may exert endocrine effects. We review concepts related to environmental epigenetics and relevan...

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are natural or synthetic substances able to mimic, interfere with, block endogenous hormones, thus disrupting the normal function of endocrine system. Most them largely applied in agriculture and industry. As a result, humans chronically exposed mixtures EDCs. Their adverse effect on human health may appear long after exposure, making it difficult assess th...

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) or Disruptors are unique assemblage cluster of emerging pollutants as they affect the synthesis, release and transport hormones. EDCs have been associated with a diverse array health issues diseases. can alter endocrine system involved in carcinogenesis inducing poly-cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The objective this article is to furnish an outline research ...

Many chemicals in the environment, especially those with estrogenic activity, are able to disrupt the programming of endocrine signaling pathways established during development; these chemicals are referred to as endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Altered programming can result in numerous adverse consequences in estrogen-target tissues, some of which may not be apparent until later in life. For e...

The European legislation on plant protection products (Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009) and biocides (Directive 98/8/EC), as well as the regulation concerning chemicals (Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 'REACH') only support the marketing and use of chemical products on the basis that they do not induce endocrine disruption in humans or non-target species. However, there is currently no agreed guida...

Many wildlife species may be exposed to biologically active concentrations of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. There is strong evidence obtained from laboratory studies showing the potential of several environmental chemicals to cause endocrine disruption at environmentally realistic exposure levels. In wildlife populations, associations have been reported between reproductive and developmental ...

Regulation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals is reviewed in terms of hazard assessment (regulatory toxicology) and risk assessment. The current range of regulatory general toxicology protocols can detect endocrine toxicity, but specific endocrine toxicology tests are required to confirm mechanisms (e.g. oestrogenic, anti-androgenic). Strategies for validating new endocrine toxicology protocols ...

Endocrine disruptors are now of scientific and public concern, because there is increasing evidence of their adverse effects on the health of an intact organism or its progeny and on changes in endocrine function. Although numerous substances have been identified as such chemicals, a huge number of chemicals remain to be tested for their endocrine disrupting capabilities. Because of the time an...

Current testing strategies to assess the endocrine disrupting properties of chemicals have omitted examination of the adrenal gland and do not adequately cover the process of steroidogenesis. Steroidogenesis is critical for adrenocortical function as well as that of the testes and ovaries, and presents multiple molecular targets for toxicity, ranging from general effects on all steroidogenic ti...

There is an increasing perception that environmental contamination by chemicals no longer poses a significant health threat and that relaxation of environmental regulations is warranted. However, many wildlife populations are showing signs of developmental, behavioral, and reproductive dysfunction due to environmental contamination by endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Scientists, regulators, and ...