Both the need for shelter and the need for food can be motivations that alter animal behaviour. We tested the hypothesis that the hermit crab, Pagurus samuelis, deprived of food, shells, or both will respond differently from control hermit crabs when presented with food and shells concurrently. We measured the number of contacts made with both food and shells, and time elapsed until hermit crab...

1. Eggs of the potato cyst-nematode (Heterodera rostochiensis Woll.) were isolated by sieving a suspension of crushed cysts. Eggs were broken open by ultrasonic vibration and the egg shells separated from the released larvae by centrifuging in a potassium tartrate density gradient. About 1 mg. of dried egg shells was obtained from 1000 cysts. 2. The major constituent of the egg shells was prote...

Aichi virus 1 (AiV-1) is a human pathogen from the Kobuvirus genus of the Picornaviridae family. Worldwide, 80-95% of adults have antibodies against the virus. AiV-1 infections are associated with nausea, gastroenteritis, and fever. Unlike most picornaviruses, kobuvirus capsids are composed of only three types of subunits: VP0, VP1, and VP3. Here we present the structure of the AiV-1 virion det...

Organic/inorganic composite particles with a core–shell structure exhibit potential applications in chemical mechanical polishing/planarization (CMP) for mechanically challenging materials (copper and low-k dielectrics etc.). In this work, the spherical composites comprised of polystyrene (PS) cores and mesoporous silica (mSiO2) shells were synthesized through a self-assembly of cetyltrimethyla...

fictional names have been one of the most important and serious topics in the contemporary philosophy of language and metaphysics.several questions such as “do fictional names refer to any objects?” “are fictional characters existent objects?” have resulted in a considerable literature of philosophy. in this essay, we will follow two objectives. first we will describe and elaborate the ideas ...

The present study was intended to assess the potential of a mature empty pea shell (Pisum sativum) as feed additive common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet. This conducted for 90 days with inclusion 15 % shells into one control without in feed. Pea used an three experimental groups (T1, T2, T3) and group. In T1 group, partially replaced fish meal, T2 group − meal de-oiled groundnut cake, T3 deoiled ...

The family Aciculidae Woodward, 1854 is endemic to the southwestern Palaearctic and includes tiny operculate land snails living in the soil or underground, and seldom encountered. The genus Platyla Moquin-Tandon, 1856 is restricted to Europe west of the Great and Pannonian Steppes, occurring on islands only in the Ionian Sea off Greece, along the Dalmatian coast of Croatia, and in the Tyrrhenia...