Extracellular and intracellular electric potentials in bean roots are known to show electric oscillations along the longitudinal axis with a period of several minutes. The relationship between growth and the electric oscillations was studied using roots of adzuki (Phaseolus chrysanthos). We measured surface electric potentials with a multielectrode apparatus while simultaneously measuring elong...

The influence of plasma elongation and Shafranov shift on the stability of electrostatic ion-temperature-gradient driven modes (ηi-modes) is investigated. An advanced fluid model is used for the ions together with Boltzmann distributed electrons. The derived eigenvalue equation is solved both analytically, in the strong ballooning limit, and numerically. It is found that the effects of elongati...

Morphogenesis transforms the C. elegans embryo from a ball of cells into a vermiform larva. During this transformation, the embryo increases fourfold in length; present data indicates this elongation results from contraction of the epidermal actin cytoskeleton. In sma-1 mutants, the extent of embryonic elongation is decreased and the resulting sma-1 larvae, although viable, are shorter than nor...

Morphogenesis transforms the C. elegans embryo from a ball of cells into a vermiform larva. During this transformation, the embryo increases fourfold in length; present data indicates this elongation results from contraction of the epidermal actin cytoskeleton. In sma-1 mutants, the extent of embryonic elongation is decreased and the resulting sma-1 larvae, although viable, are shorter than nor...

Cotton fibres are hair-like single-cells that elongate to several centimetres long after their initiation from the ovule epidermis at anthesis. The accumulation of malate, along with K+ and sugars, is thought to play an important role in fibre elongation through osmotic regulation and charge balance. However, there is a lack of evidence for or against such an hypothesis. Phosphoenolpyruvate car...

We characterized the growth of the primary root of Arabidopsis under phosphorus sufficiency (1 mM phosphate) and deficiency (1 microM phosphate), focusing on the role of ethylene. We quantified the spatial profile of relative elongation with a novel method based on image processing, as well as the production rates of cortical cells, trichoblasts, and atrichoblasts. Phosphorus deficiency moderat...

This paper presents the tensile deformation behavior of Zr41.25Ti13.75Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5 bulk metallic glass in supercooled liquid region. Isothermal tensile tests are carried out at four characteristic temperatures of 616K, 636K, 656K and 676K which are in the range from glass transition onset temperature to crystallization temperature. The results show that the superplastic flow behaviors of th...

The mechanism of assembly of tobacco mosaic virus has been investigated under conditions in which the rates of incorporation of the 4S and 20S proteins can each be directly measured by analytical centfrifugation. Under these conditions, pH 6.5, 6.5 degrees C, 0.10 M ionic strength potassium orthophosphate, the protein can be made to exist as a metastable 20S aggregate that is necessary for effi...

Unknown mechanisms exist to ensure that exons are not skipped during biogenesis of mRNA. Studies have connected transcription elongation with regulated alternative exon inclusion. To determine whether the relative rates of transcription elongation and spliceosome assembly might play a general role in enforcing constitutive exon inclusion, we measured exon skipping for a natural two-intron gene ...

It has long been thought that traction exerted by filopodia of secondary mesenchyme cells (SMCs) is a sufficient mechanism to account for elongation of the archenteron during sea urchin gastrulation. The filopodial traction hypothesis has been directly tested here by laser ablation of SMCs in gastrulae of the sea urchin, Lytechinus pictus. When SMCs are ablated at the onset of secondary invagin...